Перспективные направления в совершенствовании вакцин для профилактики полиомиелита

Полиовирусы, принадлежащие к энтеровирусам группы С, являются причиной тяжелых поражений нервной системы. В эпоху после ликвидации полиомиелита Всемирная организация здравоохранения рекомендует для длительной эффективной защиты населения инактивированные вакцины против полиомиелита. Для обеспечения потребностей глобального здравоохранения предполагается увеличить применение традиционных и оптимизированных инактивированных вакцин против полиомиелита, а также внедрить вакцины нового типа, которые разрабатываются на основе современных представлений о РНК-содержащих вирусах. Цель работы — анализ аспектов усовершенствования вакцинных препаратов и обзор перспективных направлений развития иммунопрофилактики полиомиелита. Рассмотрены инновационные разработки на всех этапах технологического процесса, выполненные с целью получения оптимизированных вакцин, а также системы доставки вакцин. Представлена информация о новых вакцинных штаммах и клеточных линиях для производства вакцины. Обобщены результаты клинических исследований инактивированных вакцин, новых вакцин на основе генетически стабильных вакцинных штаммов вируса полиомиелита и вакцин, содержащих вирусоподобные частицы. Наиболее вероятно внедрение вакцин на основе вирусоподобных частиц генетически модифицированных штаммов вируса полиомиелита. В настоящее время многие вопросы, касающиеся актуальных направлений совершенствования иммунопрофилактики полиомиелита, являются дискуссионными и требуют решения в ближайшем будущем.

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