Общая характеристика адъювантов и механизм их действия (часть 2)

Одна из основных задач здравоохранения в настоящее время заключается в разработке новых вакцин и технологий, которые оптимизируют процесс вакцинации. Растет научный интерес к адъювантам вакцин, усиливающим их иммуногенность. В настоящий момент проводятся многочисленные исследования по разработке вакцин для профилактики COVID-19, в том числе инактивированных и субъединичных вакцин, в состав которых для эффективной индукции иммунного ответа и формирования напряженного иммунитета включаются адъюванты.

Цель работы – систематизация данных литературы по анализу структуры, механизмов действия и стимулирующих свойств адъювантов вакцин (синтетические олигодезоксинуклеотиды, виросомы, полиоксидоний, совидон), а также обобщение данных об эффектах адъювантов, используемых в исследованиях по разработке вакцин против коронавирусов SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV и SARS-CoV-2. Освещены сведения о перспективах усиления стимулирующего действия рассматриваемых адъювантов при их использовании в комбинации с соединениями с иным механизмом действия. Проанализированы выводы по результатам исследований по разработке адъювантных вакцин против вирусов SARS-CoV и MERS-CoV, которые могут быть полезными при выборе адъювантов с оптимальным профилем эффективности и безопасности для разрабатываемых вакцин против SARS-CoV-2. Сделан вывод о том, что понимание механизмов действия адъювантов, опосредующих их стимулирующее влияние на иммунную систему организма, будет способствовать безопасному и эффективному использованию адъювантов для усиления иммуногенности как ранее зарегистрированных, так и новых вакцин.

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