Актуальные направления применения клеточной терапии в регенеративной медицине

Клеточная терапия является ключевым инструментом регенеративной медицины, и вплоть до 2010 года продукты на основе жизнеспособных клеток человека применялись преимущественно для восстановления поврежденных тканей и органов. В настоящее время сфера применения биомедицинских клеточных продуктов значительно расширилась, однако интерес исследователей к использованию клеток в регенеративной медицине остается стабильно высоким. В зависимости от типа ткани и патологии уровень разработки клеточных продуктов значительно отличается: от доклинических и пилотных клинических исследований до зарегистрированных препаратов с многолетним опытом применения. Данный факт, с одной стороны, может быть связан с методологическими особенностями производства и применения клеточных продуктов, с другой — с особенностями дифференцировки типов клеток, используемых в регенеративной медицине, прежде всего мезенхимальных стволовых клеток. Цель работы — анализ современных направлений использования клеточной терапии в регенеративной медицине и перспектив применения существующих технологий. Представлены основные достижения использования клеточной терапии в регенерации кожи, костно-хрящевого аппарата, нервной и сердечно-сосудистой систем. Ключевые механизмы лечебного действия клеточной терапии обусловлены, с одной стороны, потенциалом мультипотентных клеток к дифференцировке, с другой — комплексным (иммуномодулирующим, ангиогенным, пролиферативным) действием экспрессируемого протеома вводимых клеток. Для каждого из показаний описаны зарегистрированные в настоящее время продукты на основе жизнеспособных клеток человека и проанализирован их уровень применения в клинической практике. Перспективным представляется использование в регенеративной медицине разработанных технологий направленной дифференцировки, а также применение индуцированных плюрипотентных клеток. 

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