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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вакцинопрофилактика туберкулеза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vaccinations for the prevention of tuberculosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леви</surname><given-names>Д. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levi</surname><given-names>D. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Levi@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution «Scientific Center on Expertise of Medical Application Products» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Леви Д.Т., Александрова Н.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Леви Д.Т., Александрова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Levi D.T., Aleksandrova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/8">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/8</self-uri><abstract><p>Созданная почти 100 лет назад вакцина туберкулезная БЦЖ остается до настоящего времени единственным препаратом для специфической иммунологической профилактики туберкулеза. Несмотря на массовое использование в течение длительного времени в более чем в 100 странах мира, данные о результатах вакцинации остаются очень противоречивыми. Защитный эффект вакцин БЦЖ оценивают от 0 до 80%, при этом эффективность вакцинации БЦЖ детей, особенно раннего возраста, общепризнанна. Применение этого препарата способствует снижению в десятки раз числа туберкулезных менингитов и диссеминированных форм туберкулеза у детей. Однако БЦЖ не защищает население от инфицирования микобактериями, а взрослых от туберкулеза легких, хотя предотвращает внелегочные формы туберкулеза. В последние 20 лет ведутся интенсивные разработки новых туберкулезных вакцин, эффективность которых, как полагают, превысят вакцину БЦЖ, при минимальных побочных реакциях на их введение. Однако из 200 с лишним кандидатов туберкулезных вакцин до клинических исследований дошли единицы. В ближайшие годы человечество не может рассчитывать на препарат, который мог бы заменить вакцину БЦЖ. Поэтому усилия исследователей должны быть направлены на усовершенствование вакцины БЦЖ с целью повышения ее защитного эффекта и снижения побочного действия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BCG vaccine for tuberculosis was developed nearly 100 years ago and still remains the only medicine for specific immunological prevention of tuberculosis. Despite the fact it has been actively used for a long time in more than 100 countries, the results of vaccination are very contradictory. The protective effect of BCG vaccination is assessed from 0 to 80%, while the efficacy of BCG vaccination in children, especially in infants, is generally recognized. BCG helps to reduce tenfold the number of tuberculous meningitis and disseminated tuberculosis in children. However BCG neither protects the population from mycobacteria infections nor the adults from pulmonary tuberculosis, although it prevents extrapulmonary tuberculosis. For the last 20 years new tuberculosis vaccines have been intensive developed, their efficacy is believed to exceed the efficacy of BCG vaccine, with the minimized adverse reactions. Nevertheless out of more than 200 tuberculosis vaccine candidates only few were allowed for clinical trials. In the upcoming years the humanity can not count upon a medicine that could replace BCG. Therefore the research efforts should be focused on improving BCG vaccine in order to enhance its protective effect and to reduce adverse effects.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>BCG vaccine</kwd><kwd>substrains</kwd><kwd>WHO requirements</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis vaccine</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>вакцина БЦЖ</kwd><kwd>субштаммы</kwd><kwd>требования ВОЗ</kwd><kwd>туберкулезные вакцины</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calmette A., Guérin C., Weill-Hallé B. Essais d'immunization contre l'infection tuberculouse. Rev. Tuberc. 1924; 5: 481-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calmette A., Guérin C., Weill-Hallé B. Essais d'immunization contre l'infection tuberculouse. Rev. 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