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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2026-794</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-794</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка противовирусной активности интерферона α-2b в отношении SARS-CoV-2 в культуре клеток аденокарциномы легкого человека Calu-3</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antiviral activity of interferon α-2b against SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 human lung adenocarcinoma cell culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5745-7589</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлова</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlova</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хохлова Дарья Михайловна</p><p>Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria M. Khokhlova</p><p>Maly Kazenny pereulok, 5a, Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-4482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gracheva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грачева Анастасия Вячеславовна</p><p>Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia V. Gracheva</p><p>Maly Kazenny pereulok, 5a, Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-3301</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корчевая</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korchevaya</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корчевая Екатерина Романовна</p><p>Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina R. Korchevaya</p><p>Maly Kazenny pereulok, 5a, Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5123-4946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масленникова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslennikova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масленникова Ася Сергеевна</p><p>Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Asya S. Maslennikova</p><p>Maly Kazenny pereulok, 5a, Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-2714</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ленева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leneva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ленева Ирина Анатольевна, д-р биол. наук</p><p>Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Leneva, Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Maly Kazenny pereulok, 5a, Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свитич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свитич Оксана Анатольевна, д-р мед. наук, проф., академик РАН</p><p>Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а, Москва, 105064; </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana A. Svitich, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Academician of RAS</p><p>Maly Kazenny pereulok, 5a, Moscow 105064; </p><p>8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-2246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зверев Виталий Васильевич, д-р биол. наук, проф., академик РАН</p><p>Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а, Москва, 105064; </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly V. Zverev, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Academician of RAS</p><p>Maly Kazenny pereulok, 5a, Moscow 105064; </p><p>8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-5083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файзулоев</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Faizuloev</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Файзулоев Евгений Бахтиерович, д-р биол. наук</p><p>Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny B. Faizuloev, Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Maly Kazenny pereulok, 5a, Moscow 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">faizuloev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать (Online First)</issue-title><elocation-id>794</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хохлова Д.М., Грачева А.В., Корчевая Е.Р., Масленникова А.С., Ленева И.А., Свитич О.А., Зверев В.В., Файзулоев Е.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хохлова Д.М., Грачева А.В., Корчевая Е.Р., Масленникова А.С., Ленева И.А., Свитич О.А., Зверев В.В., Файзулоев Е.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khokhlova D.M., Gracheva A.V., Korchevaya E.R., Maslennikova A.S., Leneva I.A., Svitich O.A., Zverev V.V., Faizuloev E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/794">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/794</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Несмотря на переход коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 в разряд возбудителей сезонных респираторных вирусных инфекций, проблема разработки лекарственных препаратов против COVID-19 остается актуальной. Процесс создания противовирусных препаратов требует использования адекватной клеточной модели инфекции для поиска и испытания ингибиторов вирусной репродукции.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Изучение возможности использования тест-системы на основе культуры клеток аденокарциномы легкого человека Calu-3 для оценки показателей противовирусной активности в отношении SARS-CoV-2 рекомбинантного человеческого интерферона α-2b (ИФНα-2b).</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Коронавирус SARS-CoV-2 (штамм Dubrovka, GenBank ID: MW514307.1) выращивали в культуре клеток почки африканской зеленой мартышки — Vero. Инфекционную активность вируса и противовирусную активность ИФНα-2b определяли в культурах клеток Vero и Calu-3. Противовирусную активность ИФНα-2b в тест-системе на основе клеток Calu-3 оценивали по накоплению вирусного антигена (метод клеточного ИФА), а в референсной тест-системе на основе клеток Vero — по выживаемости клеток (МТТ-тест).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Определены оптимальные условия оценки противовирусной активности в клетках Calu-3 по накоплению в зараженных клетках антигена SARS-CoV-2 методом клеточного ИФА. Исследование рекомбинантного ИФНα-2b в культуре клеток Calu-3, зараженной SARS-CoV-2, показало возможность высокочувствительного определения таких показателей противовирусной активности, как среднеэффективная вирусингибирующая концентрация (ИК50) и химиотерапевтический индекс. При разных дозах заражения и схемах применения ИФНα-2b тест-система на основе клеток Calu-3 при оценке активности ИФНα-2b воспроизводимо проявляла большую чувствительность, чем референсная тестсистема. Так, чувствительность определения противовирусной активности ИФНα-2b в отношении SARS-CoV-2, выраженная в значениях ИК50, в клетках Calu-3 более чем на 2 lg (от  100 до 290 раз) превышала чувствительность в клетках Vero. Выявленные различия в чувствительности двух тест-систем могут быть связаны как с применением разных методов детекции результата — по выживаемости клеток или по накоплению вирусного антигена, так и с наличием в клетках Vero дефицита генов, связанных с интерфероновым ответом.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. При выборе тест-системы для оценки активности иммуномодулирующих препаратов (человеческий ИФНα-2b, индукторы интерферона) предпочтительно использовать клетки Calu-3, определяя противовирусную активность по накоплению вирусного антигена. В клетках Vero с оценкой противовирусной активности по выживаемости клеток терапевтический потенциал подобных препаратов может быть сильно недооценен.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Despite the reclassification of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus as an etiological agent of seasonal respiratory viral infections, the problem of developing drugs against COVID-19 remains relevant. The development of antiviral drugs requires an adequate cellular model of infection to search for and test inhibitors of viral reproduction.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. To study the feasibility of using a Calu-3 human lung adenocarcinoma cell culture-based test system to evaluate the antiviral activity of recombinant human interferon α-2b (IFNα-2b) against SARS-CoV-2.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, Dubrovka strain (GenBank ID: MW514307.1) was grown in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell culture. The infectious activity of the virus and the antiviral activity of IFNα-2b were determined in Vero and Calu-3 cell cultures. The antiviral activity of IFNα-2b in Calu-3 cells was assessed by viral antigen accumulation (In-Cell ELISA), and in the Vero cell-based reference test system by cell viability (MTT assay).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. Optimal conditions for evaluating antiviral activity in Calu-3 cells by measuring viral antigen accumulation in infected cells using In-Cell ELISA have been determined. A study of recombinant IFNα-2b in a Calu-3 cell culture infected with SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated the possibility of highly sensitive determination of antiviral activity indicators such as 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and selectivity index. At different infection doses and treatment regimens, the Calu-3-based test system consistently showed greater sensitivity than the reference test system when evaluating IFNα-2b activity. Thus, in Calu-3 cells, the sensitivity of detecting IFNα-2b antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, expressed as IC50 values, was more than 2 log10 (i.e., 100- to 290-fold) higher than that in Vero cells. The observed differences in the sensitivity of the two test systems may be due to both the different endpoint measurement methods (viral antigen accumulation vs. cell viability) and the deficiency in interferon response genes in Vero cells.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. When choosing a test system for evaluating the activity of immunomodulatory drugs (human IFNα-2b, interferon inducers), it is preferable to use Calu-3 cells and determine antiviral activity by viral antigen accumulation. In Vero cells, with assessment of antiviral activity based on cell viability, the therapeutic potential of such drugs may be greatly underestimated.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>культура клеток</kwd><kwd>Calu-3</kwd><kwd>клеточный ИФА</kwd><kwd>Vero</kwd><kwd>противовирусная активность</kwd><kwd>интерферон α-2b человека</kwd><kwd>ИФНα-2b</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>cell culture</kwd><kwd>Calu-3</kwd><kwd>In-Cell ELISA</kwd><kwd>Vero</kwd><kwd>antiviral activity</kwd><kwd>human interferon α-2b</kwd><kwd>IFNα-2b</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовом обеспечении Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема НИР государственного задания FGFS-2025-0001).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (research topic of the state assignment FGFS-2025-0001).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bestion E, Halfon P, Mezouar S, Mège JL. 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