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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2026-26-1-42-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-739</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Тема номера: ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ: ОТ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ К РЕАЛЬНОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Issue topic INNOVATIVE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS: TRANSLATING FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH INTO REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Т-клеточные иммунные ответы к вирусу Чикунгунья у неинфицированных доноров и анализ В-клеточных эпитопов у серопозитивных лиц и экспериментально инфицированных мышей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chikungunya virus-specific pre-existing T cell responses in naïve donors and B cell epitopes in seropositive individuals and experimentally infected mice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-0935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никонова Александра Александровна, канд. биол. наук, </p><p>Малый Казенный пер., д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra A. Nikonova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.) </p><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikonova.sasha@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-2201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порошина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poroshina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Порошина Алина Сергеевна</p><p>Каширское шоссе, д. 24, Москва, 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina S. Poroshina </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Hwy, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-6722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самарцева</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samartseva</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самарцева Татьяна Геннадьевна</p><p>Малый Казенный пер., д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana G. Samartseva </p><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3859-5909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самарцева</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samartseva</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самарцева Анастасия Геннадьевна</p><p>Малый Казенный пер., д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia G. Samartseva </p><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2501-2847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адельфинская</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adelfinskaya</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адельфинская Анастасия Дмитриевна</p><p>Малый Казенный пер., д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia D. Adelfinskaya </p><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9604-0139</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тахан</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tahhan</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тахан Бана</p><p>просп. Вернадского, д. 78, Москва, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bana Tahhan </p><p>78 Vernadsky Ave, Moscow 119454</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-6499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шершакова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shershakova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шершакова Надежда Николаевна, канд. биол. наук </p><p>Каширское шоссе, д. 24, Москва, 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezda N. Shershakova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.) </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Hwy, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-9640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хаитов Муса Рахимович, д-р мед. наук, проф., академик РАН </p><p>Каширское шоссе, д. 24, Москва, 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Musa R. Khaitov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Acad. RAS </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Hwy, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8600-7347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оксанич</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oksanich</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксанич Алексей Сергеевич, канд. биол. наук </p><p>Малый Казенный пер., д. 5а, Москва, 105064,</p><p>просп. Вернадского, д. 78, Москва, 119454</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey S. Oksanich, Cand. Sci. (Biol.) </p><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064, </p><p>78 Vernadsky Ave, Moscow 119454</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9731-3681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьев</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatyev</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнатьев Георгий Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, проф. </p><p>Малый Казенный пер., д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>George M. Ignatyev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof. </p><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-1892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зверев Виталий Васильевич, д-р биол. наук, проф., академик РАН </p><p>Малый Казенный пер., д. 5а, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly V. Zverev, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Acad. RAS </p><p>5A Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр&#13;
«Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center Institute of Immunology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA – Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera;&#13;
MIREA – Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никонова А.А., Порошина А.С., Самарцева Т.Г., Самарцева А.Г., Адельфинская А.Д., Тахан Б.И., Шершакова Н.Н., Хаитов М.Р., Оксанич А.С., Игнатьев Г.М., Зверев В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никонова А.А., Порошина А.С., Самарцева Т.Г., Самарцева А.Г., Адельфинская А.Д., Тахан Б.И., Шершакова Н.Н., Хаитов М.Р., Оксанич А.С., Игнатьев Г.М., Зверев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikonova A.A., Poroshina A.S., Samartseva T.G., Samartseva A.G., Adelfinskaya A.G., Tahhan B., Shershakova N.N., Khaitov M.R., Oksanich A.S., Ignatyev G.M., Zverev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/739">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/739</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Вирус Чикунгунья (ВЧИК) представляет серьезную проблему для общественного здравоохранения в эндемичных регионах вследствие отсутствия специфических профилактических мер и эффективной противовирусной терапии. Идентификация и характеристика вирусных эпитопов играют ключевую роль в разработке вакцин нового поколения.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Исследование Т-клеточных иммунных ответов к ВЧИК у серонегативных доноров и идентификация В-клеточных эпитопов у серопозитивных лиц и на модели ВЧИК-инфекции у мышей.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Образцы периферической венозной крови 34 здоровых добровольцев, сыворотки крови 4 серопозитивных лиц и мышей линии BALB/c, иммунизированных нелетальным штаммом ВЧИК, были проанализированы для оценки Ти В-клеточных иммунных ответов. Пять синтетических пептидов длиной 21–29 аминокислотных  остатков, соответствующих участкам белков nsP2, nsP3, nsP4 и E2 ВЧИК, были отобраны с использованием алгоритма прогнозирования иммуногенности базы данных Immune Epitope Database и далее синтезированы с включением фланкирующих аминокислотных остатков, охватывающих предсказанные эпитопы. Мононуклеарные клетки периферической крови доноров, не подвергавшихся воздействию вируса, стимулировали пептидами в концентрации 1,2 мкг/мл, после чего пролиферацию CD4+ и CD8+ Т-клеток оценивали методом проточной цитометрии с использованием красителя — сукцинимидилового эфира карбоксифлуоресцеина (CFSE). Пептид-специфические иммуноглобулины G в сыворотке крови человека и мышей определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). Локализацию эпитопов визуализировали на 3D-моделях белков с использованием программы UCSF ChimeraX и веб-сервера I-TASSER.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Анализ пролиферации Т-клеток с использованием CFSE выявил  наличие CD4+, но не CD8+ Т-клеточных иммунных ответов к пептидам структурного E2 и неструктурных nsP2–4 и белков ВЧИК у серонегативных доноров (P&lt;0,05; P&lt;0,01). ИФА показал, что в образцах сыворотки крови ВЧИК-серопозитивных доноров и мышей, инфицированных ВЧИК, были идентифицированы линейные В-клеточные эпитопы, соответствующие участкам nsP3, nsP4 и E2 белков. Данные эпитопы были картированы на трехмерные модели белков ВЧИК: E2 — аминокислотные остатки в положениях 3140–3161, nsP3 — 1801– 1823 и nsP4 — 2207–2256.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Анализ результатов исследования позволяет сделать заключение о наличии CD4+ Т-клеточных иммунных ответов у лиц, не подвергавшихся воздействию вирусных антигенов, и подчеркивает важность экспериментальной верификации эпитопов, предсказанных in silico, для совершенствования серологической диагностики и разработки вакцин против ВЧИК.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) poses a major public health challenge in endemic regions due to the lack of specific preventive measures and effective antiviral therapies. Understanding and identifying viral epitopes through rigorous research directly supports the development of more effective next-generation vaccines.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to investigate the presence of pre-existing CHIKV-specific T cell memory in unexposed individuals and identified the B cell epitopes targeted in both seropositive donors and CHIKV-infected murine models.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Peripheral blood from 34 healthy volunteers and sera from four CHIKV-seropositive individuals, as well as from BALB/c mice immunized with a non-lethal CHIKV strain, were analyzed to assess Tand B-cell responses. Five synthetic peptides (21–29 aa) derived from nsP2, nsP3, nsP4, and E2 proteins were selected using the immunogenicity prediction algorithm from the Immune Epitope Database and synthesized to encompass predicted epitopes with flanking residues. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from unexposed donors were stimulated with peptides (1.2 µg/mL), and CD4+/CD8+ T cell proliferation was evaluated by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based flow cytometry. Human and mouse sera were tested for peptide-specific IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Epitope localization was visualized on 3D protein models using UCSF ChimeraX software and web server I-TASSER.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. T cell proliferation assays with CFSE labeling  revealed  preexisting  CD4+,  but  not CD8+, T cell responses to peptides from nonstructural (nsP2–4) and structural (E2) CHIKV proteins in seronegative donors (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01). Linear B cell epitopes within nsP3, nsP4, and E2 were identified by ELISA in sera from CHIKV-seropositive donors and  CHIKV-infected  mice. These epitopes were subsequently mapped onto 3D models of CHIKV proteins (E2, amino acids 3140–3161; nsP3, amino acids 1801–1823; nsP4, amino acids 2207–2256).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Our findings indicate the presence of preexisting CD4+ T cell responses in antigen-naïve individuals and underscore the importance of experimentally validating in silico–predicted epitopes for advancing serological diagnostics and vaccine development.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус Чикунгунья</kwd><kwd>T-клетки</kwd><kwd>B-клетки</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>пептиды</kwd><kwd>эпитопы</kwd><kwd>in silico моделирование</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chikungunya virus</kwd><kwd>T-cells</kwd><kwd>B-cells</kwd><kwd>antibody</kwd><kwd>peptides</kwd><kwd>epitopes</kwd><kwd>in silico modeling</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Результаты, представленные в данной публикации, получены при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 22- 14-00184)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Results reported in this publication have been obtained under support of the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 22-14-00184)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz O, Albert ML. 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