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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2026-734</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-734</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация количественного определения гемагглютинина вируса гриппа в первичном жидком стандартном образце методом электрофореза в полиакриламидном геле с последующей денситометрией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Quantitative determination of influenza virus hemagglutinin in a primary liquid reference standard by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by densitometry: Method optimization</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4064-2484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванютина</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanutina</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванютина Наталья Леонидовна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia L. Ivanutina</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd., Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanutina@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-4496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Довбыш</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dovbysh</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Довбыш Степан Игоревич</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepan I. Dovbysh</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd., Moscow 127051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-2890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волкова Рауза Асхатовна, д-р биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rauza A. Volkova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-8688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екимов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekimov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екимов Алексей Александрович</p><p>ул. Тестовская, д. 10, Москва, 123112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei A. Ekimov</p><p>10 Testovskaya St., Moscow 123112</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-5614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савина Наталья Николаевна</p><p>ул. Свободы, д. 52, г. Красное Село, Санкт-Петербург, 198320</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Savina</p><p>52 Svoboda St., Krasnoe Selo 198320, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-0884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytseva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайцева Елена Сергеевна</p><p>ул. Свободы, д. 52, г. Красное Село, Санкт-Петербург, 198320</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Zaytseva</p><p>52 Svoboda St., Krasnoe Selo 198320, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-7365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеро</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minero</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минеро Анастасия Сальвадоровна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Minero</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd., Moscow 127051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0352-522X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутырский</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butyrskiy</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бутырский Алексей Юрьевич</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey Yu. Butirskiy</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd., Moscow 127051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0478-1558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова Елена Николаевна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Morozova</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd., Moscow 127051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Нанолек»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nanolek Limited Liability Company</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток и предприятие по производству бактерийных препаратов» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera and Enterprise for the Production of Bacterial Preparations</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать (Online First)</issue-title><elocation-id>734</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванютина Н.Л., Довбыш С.И., Волкова Р.А., Екимов А.А., Савина Н.Н., Зайцева Е.С., Минеро А.С., Бутырский А.Ю., Морозова Е.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванютина Н.Л., Довбыш С.И., Волкова Р.А., Екимов А.А., Савина Н.Н., Зайцева Е.С., Минеро А.С., Бутырский А.Ю., Морозова Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanutina N.L., Dovbysh S.I., Volkova R.A., Ekimov A.A., Savina N.N., Zaytseva E.S., Minero A.S., Butyrskiy A.Y., Morozova E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/734">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/734</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В отсутствие возможности использовать международный стандартный образец (СО) антигена и антисыворотку к нему для количественного определения содержания гемагглютинина (ГА) вируса гриппа методом одиночной радиальной иммунодиффузии (ОРИД), а также в условиях пандемии или другой чрезвычайной ситуации необходимы валидированные альтернативные методы для количественного определения ГА.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Оптимизация методики аттестации первичного стандартного образца содержания гемагглютинина вируса гриппа с использованием электрофореза в полиакриламидном геле с натрия додецилсульфатом с последующей денситометрической обработкой гелей.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Содержание ГА (%) в СО определяли методом электрофореза в полиакриламидном геле в присутствии натрия додецилсульфата (ДСН-ПААГ) в условиях воспроизводимости (2 лаборатории). Концентрацию ГА (мкг/мл) определяли с учетом содержания общего белка, которое определяли по методу Лоури. Метод ОРИД использовался для оценки правильности количественного определения ГА. Обработку изображений пластин, расчет квадратов диаметров колец преципитации и количества ГА в образцах проводили с помощью программного обеспечения CombiStats. Сахарозу и глицерин в вирусном и разведенном вирусном концентратах (РВК) определяли методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Добавление 0,072 мМ 2-меркаптоэтанола для обработки образцов позволяет исключить использование мочевины при проведении электрофореза в ДСН-ПААГ с дегликозилированием. Результаты определения концентрации ГА в РВК методом электрофореза в ДСН-ПААГ при использовании 4–12% бис-трис гелей в лаборатории № 1 практически совпадают с результатами лаборатории № 2 (4–20% трис-глициновые гели) — 135,8 и 135,5 мкг/мл соответственно; значение коэффициента вариации не превышает 4% в обеих лабораториях. Концентрация ГА, определенная методом электрофореза в ДСН-ПААГ в лаборатории № 1, сопоставима с данными ОРИД (123,6 мкг/мл). Содержание вспомогательных веществ (глицерин, сахароза) не превышает 55 мкг/мл в РВК и не влияет на результаты определения белка.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Установлены оптимальные условия электрофореза в ДСН-ПААГ для аттестации первичного жидкого СО содержания ГА вируса гриппа, что позволяет получать результаты, сопоставимые с данными метода ОРИД. На следующем этапе исследования планируется апробация условий пробоподготовки и количественного определения всех типов ГА (H1N1, H3N2, В), актуальных в сезоне 2025–2026 гг.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. In the absence of an international reference standard for the antigen and the corresponding antiserum for quantifying influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) content by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID), as well as during pandemics or other emergencies, validated alternative methods for HA quantification are required.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. Optimization of the method for certifying a primary reference standard for quantification of influenza virus hemagglutinin using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by densitometric analysis of the gels.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The HA content (%) in the reference standard was determined by SDS-PAGE under reproducibility conditions (two laboratories). HA concentration (µg/mL) was calculated from the total protein content determined by the Lowry method. The SRID method was used to evaluate the accuracy of HA quantification. The CombiStats software was used for plate image processing, calculation of the squared diameters of precipitation rings, and determination of HA content in the samples. Sucrose and glycerol in the virus concentrate and the diluted virus concentrate (DVC) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. When performing SDS-PAGE with deglycosylation, the addition of 0.072 mM 2-mercaptoethanol for sample processing eliminates the need for urea. The HA concentrations in DVC determined by SDS-PAGE using 4–12% Bis-Tris gels in Laboratory 1 (135.8 µg/mL) and 4–20% Tris-glycine gels in Laboratory 2 (135.5 µg/mL) were virtually identical; the coefficient of variation did not exceed 4% in either laboratory. The HA concentration determined by SDS-PAGE in Laboratory 1 was comparable to the SRID data (123.6 µg/mL). The content of excipients (glycerol and sucrose) in DVC did not exceed 55 µg/mL and did not affect the results of protein determination.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Optimal SDS-PAGE conditions were established for certifying a primary liquid reference standard for quantification of influenza virus HA, yielding results comparable to those of the SRID method. The next phase of the study will involve testing the sample preparation conditions and quantification methods for all HA types (H1N1, H3N2, and B) relevant to the 2025–2026 season.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гемагглютинин</kwd><kwd>вирус гриппа</kwd><kwd>ДСН-ПААГ</kwd><kwd>электрофорез</kwd><kwd>ОРИД</kwd><kwd>дегликозилирование</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd><kwd>стандартизация</kwd><kwd>стандартный образец</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemagglutinin</kwd><kwd>influenza virus</kwd><kwd>SDS-PAGE</kwd><kwd>electrophoresis</kwd><kwd>SRID</kwd><kwd>deglycosylation</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd><kwd>standardization</kwd><kwd>reference standard</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00061-26-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 124022200103-5).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products as part of the applied research funded under State Assignment No. 056-00061-26-00 (R&amp;D State Registration No. 124022200103-5).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C, Shao M, Cui X, et al. 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