<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2025-25-4-428-437</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-701</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS: PRECLINICAL STIDUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунобиологические свойства циркулирующих штаммов Bordetella pertussis: кандидатные штаммы для изготовления коклюшных вакцин</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunobiological properties of circulating Bordetella pertussis strains: Candidate strains for production of pertussis vaccines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5586-2933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Ирина Андреевна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Alekseeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AlekseevaI@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4061-8892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепихова</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepikhova</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лепихова Дарья Николаевна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya N. Lepikhova</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-5046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисова Ольга Юрьевна, д-р мед. наук, проф.</p><p>ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва, 125212</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Borisova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p><p>10 Admiral Makarov St., Moscow 125212</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-3531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пименова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pimenova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пименова Алена Сергеевна</p><p>ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва, 125212</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena S. Pimenova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>10 Admiral Makarov St., Moscow 125212</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-942X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андриевская</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrievskaya</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андриевская Ирина Юрьевна</p><p>ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва, 125212</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Andrievskaya</p><p>10 Admiral Makarov St., Moscow 125212</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8002-2407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимхалилова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimkhalilova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ибрагимхалилова Ильхамья Вейсаловна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilkhamya V. Ibragimkhalilova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>428</fpage><lpage>437</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева И.А., Лепихова Д.Н., Борисова О.Ю., Пименова А.С., Андриевская И.Ю., Ибрагимхалилова И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева И.А., Лепихова Д.Н., Борисова О.Ю., Пименова А.С., Андриевская И.Ю., Ибрагимхалилова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva I.A., Lepikhova D.N., Borisova O.Y., Pimenova A.S., Andrievskaya I.Y., Ibragimkhalilova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/701">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/701</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Одна из причин роста заболеваемости коклюшем заключается в адаптации патогена к имеющемуся коллективному иммунитету, сформированному в условиях вакцинопрофилактики заболевания. Мониторинг иммунобиологических свойств штаммов Bordetella pertussis необходим для прослеживания изменений адаптивного потенциала патогена в ответ на вакцинацию.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Сопоставление иммунобиологических свойств выделенных изолятов циркулирующих штаммов Bordetella pertussis и производственных штаммов, используемых для изготовления цельноклеточной коклюшной вакцины.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследовании использованы 9 изолятов современных циркулирующих штаммов B. pertussis, выделенных от пациентов с коклюшем в 2016–2020 гг. Из штаммов изготовлены экспериментальные серии цельноклеточной коклюшной вакцины. Серии оценивали по следующим параметрам: серологические свойства и антигенная структура (серотипы); гемагглютинирующая, гемолитическая и дермонекротическая активности; вирулентность; остаточная токсичность и защитная активность. В исследовании использовали аутбредных и инбредных мышей линии F1 (C57Bl/6J×CBA). Бактериальную культуру оценивали по морфологическим и культуральным свойствам. Экспериментальные данные сопоставляли с требованиями к производственным штаммам, изложенным в МУК 4.2.2317-08 (Отбор, проверка и хранение производственных штаммов коклюшных, паракоклюшных и бронхисептикозных бактерий).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Из 9 изолятов циркулирующих штаммов B. pertussis выделены штаммы 16-16 и 33-18, которые соответствуют требованиям к производственным штаммам. Анализ результатов оценки защитной активности штаммов 25-16, 37-18 и 2-20 указал на целесообразность дополнительного подтверждения данного показателя из-за ограниченности опытного материала. Четыре штамма 31(2)-17, 28(1)-18, 25-16, 2-20 B. pertussis не проявили требуемой защитной активности (&lt;8 МЕ/мл).</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Свойства изолятов 16-16 и 33-18 B. pertussis соответствуют всем требованиям к производственным штаммам. Исследованные штаммы имеют современный генотип и перспективны с точки зрения их практического использования в качестве кандидатов для замены устаревших производственных штаммов B. pertussis при изготовлении коклюшных вакцин.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. One of the reasons for increased pertussis cases is the pathogen adapting to the existing collective immunity formed under conditions of vaccine prophylaxis. Monitoring immunobiological properties of Bordetella pertussis strains is necessary to track changes in the pathogen adaptive potential triggered by vaccination.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to compare immunobiological properties of isolated circulating Bordetella pertussis strains and strains used to produce whole-cell pertussis vaccine.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used nine isolates of modern circulating strains of B. pertussis. Experimental series of whole-cell pertussis vaccine was made using strains iso­lated from the patients with pertussis in 2016–2020. The series was evaluated by the following parameters: serological properties and antigenic structure (serotypes); haemagglutinating, haemolytic, and dermonecrotic effect; virulence; residual toxicity and protective properties. The study used outbred and inbred F1 mice (C57Bl/6J×CBA) and evaluated morphological and cultural properties of the bacteria. Experimental data were compared with the requirements for production strains set out in the local guidelines MUK 4.2.2317-08 (Selection, testing and storage of production strains of pertussis, parapertussis and bronchisepticosis bacteria).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. Strains 16-16 and 33-18 were obtained from nine isolates of circulating B. pertussis strains meeting the requirements for production strains. The assessment results of protective activity for strains 25-16, 37-18, and 2-20 were analysed and showed the necessity of further confirming this value due to the limited experimental material. Four B. pertussis strains, 31(2)-17, 28(1)-18, 25-16, and 2-20, did not show the required protective activity (&lt;8 IU/mL).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. The properties of isolates 16-16 and 33-18 of B. pertussis meet all the requirements for production strains. The test strains have a modern genotype and are prospectively applicable as candidates for replacing obsolete B. pertussis strains in production of pertussis vaccines.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Bordetella pertussis</kwd><kwd>коклюш</kwd><kwd>серотип</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd><kwd>цельноклеточная коклюшная вакцина</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>геном</kwd><kwd>циркулирующие штаммы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bordetella pertussis</kwd><kwd>pertussis</kwd><kwd>serotype</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd><kwd>whole-cell pertussis vaccine</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>genotype</kwd><kwd>genome</kwd><kwd>circulating strains</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00001-25-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР № 124022200103-5).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products as part of the applied research funded under State Assignment No. 056-00001-25-00 (R&amp;D Registry No. 124022200103-5).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабаченко ИВ, Нестерова ЮВ, Чернышова ЮЮ и др. Клинико-эпидемиологические аспекты коклюша у детей в условиях массовой вакцинопрофилактики. Журнал инфектологии. 2019;11(2):88–96. https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-2-88-96</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babachenko IV, Nesterova YuV, Chernyshova YuYu, et al. Clinical-epidemiological aspects of whooping cough in children in conditions of mass vaccinoprophylactics. Journal Infectology. 2019;11(2):88–96 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-2-88-96</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснов ВВ, Ильяненков КФ, Павлович ЛР, Кузмичева МВ. Коклюш у детей первого года жизни. Детские инфекции. 2018;17(1):12–7. https://doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2018-17-1-12-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnov VV, Ilyanenkov KF, Pavlovich LR, Kuzmicheva MV. Pertussis in infants. Children Infections. 2018;1(1):12–7 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2018-17-1-12-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esposito S, Stefanelli P, Fry NK, et al. Pertussis prevention: Reasons for resurgence, and differences in the current acellular pertussis vaccines. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1344. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01344</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esposito S, Stefanelli P, Fry NK, et al. Pertussis prevention: Reasons for resurgence, and differences in the current acellular pertussis vaccines. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1344. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01344</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mir-Cros A, Moreno-Mingorance A, Martin-Gomez MT, et al. Pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis with unusual mechanism of pertactin disruption, Spain, 1986–2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28(5):967–76. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2805.211958</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mir-Cros A, Moreno-Mingorance A, Martin-Gomez MT, et al. Pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis with unusual mechanism of pertactin disruption, Spain, 1986–2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28(5):967–76. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2805.211958</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burns DL, Meade BD, Messionnier NE. Pertussis resurgence: Perspectives from the Working Group Meeting on pertussis on the causes, possible paths forward, and gaps in our knowledge. J Infect Dis. 2014;209(Suppl 1):S32–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit491</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burns DL, Meade BD, Messionnier NE. Pertussis resurgence: Perspectives from the Working Group Meeting on pertussis on the causes, possible paths forward, and gaps in our knowledge. J Infect Dis. 2014;209(Suppl 1):S32–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit491</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mooi FR, Van Der Maas NA, De Melker HE. Pertussis resurgence: Waning immunity and pathogen adaptation — two sides of the same coin. Epidemiol Infect. 2014;142(4):685–94. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268813000071</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mooi FR, Van Der Maas NA, De Melker HE. Pertussis resurgence: Waning immunity and pathogen adaptation — two sides of the same coin. Epidemiol Infect. 2014;142(4):685–94. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268813000071</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zomer A, Otsuka N, Hiramatsu Y, et al. Bordetella pertussis population dynamics and phylogeny in Japan after adoption of acellular pertussis vaccines. Microb Genom. 2018;4(5):e000180. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000180</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zomer A, Otsuka N, Hiramatsu Y, et al. Bordetella pertussis population dynamics and phylogeny in Japan after adoption of acellular pertussis vaccines. Microb Genom. 2018;4(5):e000180. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000180</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mir-Cros A, Moreno-Mingorance A, Martín-Gómez MT, et al. Population dynamics and antigenic drift of Bordetella pertussis following whole cell vaccine replacement, Barcelona, Spain, 1986–2015. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):1711–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1694395</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mir-Cros A, Moreno-Mingorance A, Martín-Gómez MT, et al. Population dynamics and antigenic drift of Bordetella pertussis following whole cell vaccine replacement, Barcelona, Spain, 1986–2015. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):1711–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1694395</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ross PJ, Sutton CE, Higgins S, et al. Relative contribution of Th1 and Th17 cells in adaptive immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Towards the rational design of an improved acellular pertussis vaccine. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(4):e1003264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003264</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ross PJ, Sutton CE, Higgins S, et al. Relative contribution of Th1 and Th17 cells in adaptive immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Towards the rational design of an improved acellular pertussis vaccine. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(4):e1003264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003264</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warfel JM, Zimmerman LI, Merkel TJ. Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(2):787–92. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314688110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warfel JM, Zimmerman LI, Merkel TJ. Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(2):787–92. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314688110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисова ОЮ, Гадуа НТ, Пименова АС и др. Структура популяции штаммов возбудителя коклюша на территории России. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2016;15(4):22–8. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-4-22-28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisova OYu, Gadua NT, Pimenova AS, et al. Structure of population of strains of the Bordetella pertussis in the Russia. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2016;15(4):22–8 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-4-22-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koide K, Yao SM, Chiang C-S, et al. Genotyping and macrolide-resistant mutation of Bordetella pertussis in East and South-East Asia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2022;31:263–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2022.10.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koide K, Yao SM, Chiang C-S, et al. Genotyping and macrolide-resistant mutation of Bordetella pertussis in East and South-East Asia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2022;31:263–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2022.10.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barkoff AM, Mertsola J, Pierard D, et al. Surveillance of circulating Bordetella pertussis strains in Europe during 1998 to 2015. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(5):e01998-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01998-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barkoff AM, Mertsola J, Pierard D, et al. Surveillance of circulating Bordetella pertussis strains in Europe during 1998 to 2015. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(5):e01998-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01998-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moosa F, du Plessis M, Weigand MR, et al. Genomic characterization of Bordetella pertussis in South Africa, 2015–2019. Microb Genom. 2023;9(12):001162. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moosa F, du Plessis M, Weigand MR, et al. Genomic characterization of Bordetella pertussis in South Africa, 2015–2019. Microb Genom. 2023;9(12):001162. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu P, Zhou J, Yang C, et al. Molecular evolution and increasing macrolide resistance of Bordetella pertussis, Shanghai, China, 2016–2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;30(1):29–38. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3001.221588</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu P, Zhou J, Yang C, et al. Molecular evolution and increasing macrolide resistance of Bordetella pertussis, Shanghai, China, 2016–2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;30(1):29–38. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3001.221588</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weigand MR, Williams MM, Peng Y, et al. Genomic survey of Bordetella pertussis diversity, United States, 2000–2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25(4):780–3. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2504.180812</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weigand MR, Williams MM, Peng Y, et al. Genomic survey of Bordetella pertussis diversity, United States, 2000–2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25(4):780–3. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2504.180812</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma L, Caulfield A, Dewan KK, Harvill ET. Pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis, vaccine-driven evolution, and reemergence of pertussis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(6):1561–6. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2706.203850</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma L, Caulfield A, Dewan KK, Harvill ET. Pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis, vaccine-driven evolution, and reemergence of pertussis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(6):1561–6. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2706.203850</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belcher T, Preston A. Bordetella pertussis evolution in the (functional) genomics era. Pathog Dis. 2015;73(8):ftv064. https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftv064</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belcher T, Preston A. Bordetella pertussis evolution in the (functional) genomics era. Pathog Dis. 2015;73(8):ftv064. https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftv064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисова ОЮ, Андриевская ИЮ, Пименова АС и др. Генотипическая характеристика штаммов Bordetella pertussis — кандидатов для получения коклюшного компонента вакцинных препаратов (сообщение 1). Вестник РГМУ. 2024;(2):4–9. https://doi.org/10.24075/vrgmu.2024.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisova OYu, Andrievskaya IYu, Pimenova AS, et al. Genotypic characteristics of Bordetella pertussis, candidate strains for production of pertussis component of vaccines (statement I). Bulletin of RSMU. 2024;(2):4–9 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24075/vrgmu.2024.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева ИА, Лепихова ДН, Борисова ОЮ и др. Влияние условий хранения цельноклеточной коклюшной вакцины на ее токсичность: исследование на аутбредных мышах. БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение. 2025;25(1):111–20. https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2025-25-1-111-120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva IA, Lepikhova DN, Borisova OYu, et al. Influence of storage conditions on the toxicity of whole-cell pertussis vaccine in outbred mice. Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment. 2025;25(1):111–20 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2025-25-1-111-120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiramatsu Y, Miyaji Y, Otsuka N, et al. Significant decrease in pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(4):699–701. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2304.161575</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiramatsu Y, Miyaji Y, Otsuka N, et al. Significant decrease in pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(4):699–701. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2304.161575</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kallonen T, Mertsola J, Mooi FR, He Q. Rapid detection of the recently emerged Bordetella pertussis strains with the ptxP3 pertussis toxin promoter allele by real-time PCR. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(9):E377–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.04000.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kallonen T, Mertsola J, Mooi FR, He Q. Rapid detection of the recently emerged Bordetella pertussis strains with the ptxP3 pertussis toxin promoter allele by real-time PCR. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(9):E377–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.04000.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petersen RF, Dalby T, Dragsted DM, et al. Temporal trends in Bordetella pertussis populations, Denmark, 1949–2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):767–74. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110812</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petersen RF, Dalby T, Dragsted DM, et al. Temporal trends in Bordetella pertussis populations, Denmark, 1949–2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):767–74. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.110812</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidtke AJ, Boney KO, Martin SW, et al. Population diversity among Bordetella pertussis isolates, United States, 1935–2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(8):1248–55. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1808.120082</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidtke AJ, Boney KO, Martin SW, et al. Population diversity among Bordetella pertussis isolates, United States, 1935–2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(8):1248–55. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1808.120082</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mooi FR, van Loo IHM, van Gent M, et al. Bordetella pertussis strains with increased toxin production associated with pertussis resurgence. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15(8):1206–13. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1508.081511</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mooi FR, van Loo IHM, van Gent M, et al. Bordetella pertussis strains with increased toxin production associated with pertussis resurgence. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15(8):1206–13. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1508.081511</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carbonetti NH. Pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin: key virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis and cell biology tools. Future Microbiol. 2010;5(3):455–69. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.09.133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carbonetti NH. Pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin: key virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis and cell biology tools. Future Microbiol. 2010;5(3):455–69. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.09.133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pierce C, Klein N, Peters M. Is leukocytosis a predictor of mortality in severe pertussis infection? Intensive Care Med. 2000;26(10):1512–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340000587</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pierce C, Klein N, Peters M. Is leukocytosis a predictor of mortality in severe pertussis infection? Intensive Care Med. 2000;26(10):1512–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340000587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Advani A, Gustafsson L, Carlsson R-M, Donnelly D. Clinical outcome of pertussis in Sweden: association with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles and serotype. APMIS. 2007;115(6):736–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_628.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Advani A, Gustafsson L, Carlsson R-M, Donnelly D. Clinical outcome of pertussis in Sweden: association with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles and serotype. APMIS. 2007;115(6):736–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_628.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басов АА, Высочанская СО, Цвиркун ОВ и др. Критерии оценки эпидемиологической ситуации по коклюшу в Российской Федерации. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2024;23(1):4–13. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-4-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basov AA, Vysochanskaya SO, Tsvirkun OV, et al. Criteria for assessing the epidemiological situation of pertussis in Russian Federation. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2024;23(1):4–13 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-4-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chodorowska M, Kuklinska D. Restrykcyjna analiza DNA paleczek Bordetella pertussis wyizolowanych od chorych na krztusiec w 1968 roku i w latach 1995–98 oraz szczepow B. pertussis stosowanych do produkcji krajowej szczepionki przeciwkrztuscowej. Med Dośw Mikrobiol. 2001;52(2):111–7 (In Polish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chodorowska M, Kuklinska D. Restrykcyjna analiza DNA paleczek Bordetella pertussis wyizolowanych od chorych na krztusiec w 1968 roku i w latach 1995–98 oraz szczepow B. pertussis stosowanych do produkcji krajowej szczepionki przeciwkrztuscowej. Med Dośw Mikrobiol. 2001;52(2):111–7 (In Polish).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
