biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Productsbiopreparat-68Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSНовые антирабические рекомбинантные вакциныNew recombinant rabies vaccinesСедоваЕ. С.SedovaE. S.

Научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биотехнологии, канд. биол. наук

Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology. Candidate of Biological Sciences

sedova-es@yandex.ruШмаровМ. М.ShmarovM. M.

Руководитель лаборатории молекулярной биотехнологии, д-р биол. наук

Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology. Doctor of Biological Sciences

noemail@neicon.ruФедеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н. Ф. ГамалеиРоссияHonorary academician N. F. Gamaley Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and MicrobiologyRussian Federation201620022018164219228Copyright © Седова Е.С., Шмаров М.М., 20182018Седова Е.С., Шмаров М.М.Sedova E.S., Shmarov M.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/68

Обзор посвящен проблемам получения новых антирабических вакцин с помощью рекомбинантных технологий. Новые подходы к созданию антирабических вакцин включают методы обратной генетики, получение антигенов вируса бешенства в культурах растительных клеток, получение вирусоподобных частиц и конструирование ДНК-вакцин и вакцин на основе различных вирусных векторов. Методы обратной генетики позволяют с помощью плазмид конструировать аттенуированные штаммы вируса бешенства. Накопление основного антигена вируса бешенства - гликопротеина G в культурах растительных клеток является перспективным с точки зрения получения «съедобных» вакцин, не требующих тщательной очистки антигена и многократного парентерального введения. Вирусоподобные частицы способны нести сразу несколько антигенов вируса бешенства, а также различные молекулярные адъюванты. ДНК-вакцины характеризуются простотой получения и невысокой стоимостью, однако требуют различных способов повышения иммуногенности. Большой интерес представляют кандидатные антирабические вакцины на основе различных вирусных векторов, экспрессирующих ген основного антигена вируса бешенства - гликопротеина G. На сегодняшний момент активно применяют ветеринарные вакцины на основе рекомбинантных вируса осповакцины и аденовируса человека пятого серотипа. Репликативно-деффектный аденовирус человека пятого серотипа является перспективным кандидатом и при создании вакцин для массовой иммунизации населения.

The review covers problems of construction and production of new recombinant rabies vaccine. New approaches are being investigated to develop rabies vaccine and include methods of reverse genetic, production of virus antigens in plant cells cultures, obtaining of virus like particles and DNA and virus vector-based vaccines. Reverse genetics techniques let to manipulate the rabies genome and construct new attenuated strains of rabies virus. The production of the rabies virus main antigen (the glycoprotein G) in the plant cells cultures is promising for getting «edible» vaccines that do not require cleaning of antigen and repeated parenteral administration. Virus-like particles are capable to carry several rabies virus antigens, as well as different molecular adjuvants. DNA vaccines are characterized by ease preparation and low cost, but require different ways to enhance immunogenicity. Such approaches as DNA and virus vector-based vaccines delivering foreign genes, for example the gene of the glicoprotein G. Nowadays veterinary vaccines based on recombinant replication-competent vaccinia virus and human adenovirus type 5 are being actively used. Non-replicative human adenovirus type 5, expressing rabies glycoprotein G gene, is a good candidate for development of vaccines for mass immunization of the population.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.