biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2025-25-3-332-342biopreparat-677Research ArticleМОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА И ГЕНОТИПИРОВАНИЕ ВИРУСОВMOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS AND VIRUS GENOTYPINGРаспространенность и генотипическая характеристика вируса папилломы человека высокого канцерогенного риска в Гомельской области: результаты скрининга 11382 женщин за 2018–2023 гг.Prevalence and genotypic distribution of high-risk human papilloma virus in Gomel region: Screening results of 11,382 women over 2018–2023https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-3799ЛогиноваО. П.LohinavaV. P.

Логинова Ольга Павловна 

ул. Ильича, д. 290, г. Гомель, 246040 

Volha P. Lohinava

290 Ilyich Street, Gomel 246040 

loginovaolga81@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-6215ШевченкоН. И.ShevchenkoN. I.

Шевченко Наталья Ивановна, канд. биол. наук, доц. 

ул. Ильича, д. 290, г. Гомель, 246040 

Natalia I. Shevchenko, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof. 

290 Ilyich Street, Gomel 246040 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-2421ВоропаеваА. В.VoropayevaA. V.

Воропаева Алла Викторовна, канд. биол. наук, доц.

ул. Ильича, д. 290, г. Гомель, 246040 

Alla V. Voropayeva, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof. 

290 Ilyich Street, Gomel 246040 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-3045ГасичЕ. Л.GasichE. L.

Гасич Елена Леонидовна, д-р биол. наук, доц.

ул. Филимонова, д. 23, г. Минск, 220114 

Elena L. Gasich, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof.

23 Filimonov Street, Minsk 220114

Государственное учреждение «Республиканский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины и экологии человека»БеларусьRepublican Scientific and Practical Centre of Radiation Medicine and Human EcologyBelarusНаучно-исследовательский институт гигиены, токсикологии, эпидемиологии, вирусологии и микробиологии государственного учреждения «Республиканский центр гигиены, эпидемиологии и общественного здоровья»БеларусьResearch Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology, Epidemiology, Virology and Microbiology of the Republican Centre for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public HealthBelarus202529092025253332342Copyright © Логинова О.П., Шевченко Н.И., Воропаева А.В., Гасич Е.Л., 20252025Логинова О.П., Шевченко Н.И., Воропаева А.В., Гасич Е.Л.Lohinava V.P., Shevchenko N.I., Voropayeva A.V., Gasich E.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/677ВВЕДЕНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ) высокого канцерогенного риска (ВПЧ ВКР) является доказанным этиологическим фактором развития рака шейки матки. Проведение скрининга с генотипированием ВПЧ среди женщин и выявлением значимых для региона генотипов вируса важно для реализации программ вакцинации против ВПЧ.

ЦЕЛЬ

ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить распространенность, спектр и региональные особенности ВПЧ ВКР у женщин из разных районов Гомельской области за 2018–2023 гг. до начала кампании массовой вакцинопрофилактики в Республике Беларусь.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. За 2018–2023 гг. обследовано 11382 женщины из Гомельской области и г. Гомеля в возрасте от 18 до 79 лет. У каждой участницы исследования забирались образцы биоматериала (соскобы из цервикального канала шейки матки) для последующего молекулярно-генетического анализа методом полимеразной цепной реакции.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Всего было обнаружено  14  разных  генотипов  ВПЧ.  Частота  встречаемости ВПЧ ВКР составила 9% в общей популяции женщин и 9,7% у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Высокая частота встречаемости ВПЧ ВКР  отмечена  у  женщин раннего  репродуктивного  возраста  в  группе  18–24  года  —  18,8%  (95%  ДИ  16,8–20,9), 25–29 лет — 12,1% (95% ДИ 10,3–14,1), 30–34 года — 9,2% (95% ДИ 7,8–10,7). Один генотип ВПЧ был обнаружен с частотой  78,6%,  сочетание  двух  генотипов  ВПЧ  —  14,5%, три и более генотипов — 6,9%. Наиболее распространены ВПЧ 16 (52,2%), 18 (15,1%), 51 (18,9%), 56 (9,8%) и 31 (9,7%) генотипов. Вклад в инфицирование женщин ВПЧ ВКР вносят группы α9 (16 и 31 генотипы), α7 (18 генотип), α5 (51 генотип) и α6 (56 генотип). Выявлено   изменение    структуры    доминирующих    генотипов    ВПЧ    ВКР    за    последние 10 лет в Гомельской области.

ВЫВОДЫ

ВЫВОДЫ. Установлена высокая распространенность ВПЧ ВКР среди женщин репродуктивного возраста в Гомельском регионе. Данные о геномном разнообразии ВПЧ в регионе имеют большое значение для молекулярно-эпидемиологического надзора и помогут оценить эффективность программы вакцинации против ВПЧ-инфекции в Республике   Беларусь, которая стартовала в 2025 г.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is a proven etiological factor in prevalence of cervical cancer. Screening with HPV genotyping in women and identifying significant regional virus genotypes is vital for implementation of HPV immunisation programmes.

AIM

AIM. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, spectrum, and regional characteristics of hrHPV in women from different districts of Gomel region in 2018–2023, prior to the mass vaccination programme in the Republic of Belarus.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 11,382 women from Gomel region and the city of Gomel aged 18 to 79 years were examined in 2018–2023. Biomaterial samples (endocervical scrapings) were taken from each study participant for subsequent molecular genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS

RESULTS. A total of 14 different HPV genotypes have been detected. The incidence of hrHPV was 9% in the overall population and 9.7% in women of reproductive age. High hrHPV incidence was noted in women of early reproductive age: group of 18–24 years — 18.8% (95% CI 16.8–20.9), 25–29 years — 12.1% (95% CI 10.3–14.1), and 30–34 years — 9.2% (95% CI 7.8–10.7). A single HPV genotype was detected most frequently (78.6%); a combination of two HPV genotypes was detected in 86 patients (14.5%); ≥3 genotypes — in 41 patients (6.9%). The most common genotypes were 16 (52.2%), 18 (15.1%), 51 (18.9%), 56 (9.8%), and 31 (9.7%) HPV. Groups α9 (16 and 31 genotypes), α7 (18 genotype), α5 (51 genotype), and α6 (56 genotype) most frequently caused hrHPV infection in women. A change has been found in the structure of dominant hrHPV genotypes in Gomel region over the past 10 years.

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION. A high hrHPV prevalence has been established among women of reproductive age in Gomel region. Data on HPV genomic diversity in the region are essential for molecular epidemiological surveillance and will help assess the effectiveness of the Republican HPV immunisation programme launched in 2025.

вирус папилломы человекагенотипгеномикановообразования шейки маткиженщиныПЦРВПЧраспространенностьпрограммы иммунизациираннее выявление ракаhuman papillomavirusgenotypegenomicsuterine cervical neoplasmswomenPCRHPVprevalenceimmunization programsimmunisation programmesearly diagnosis of cancerИсследование выполнено в рамках проекта «Разработать и внедрить алгоритм скрининговых мероприятий по раннему выявлению рака шейки матки» (номер государственной регистрации 20180787 от 01.06.2018); в рамках НИР международного сотрудничества Роспотребнадзора со странами Восточной Европы и Центральной Азии «Характеристика генетических вариантов ВПЧ у женщин, живущих с ВИЧ/СПИД, в пилотных регионах» (номер государственной регистрации 20241379 от 28.06.2024)The study was conducted within the project “Developing and implementing a screening algorithm for early detection of cervical cancer” (State registration No. 20180787 as of 01.06.2018); as part of research and development project for international cooperation of Rospotrebnadzor with the Eastern Europe and Central Asia countries “Analysing HPV genetic variations in women with HIV/AIDS in pilot regions” (State registration No. 20241379 as of 06.28.2024)ReferencesReuschenbach M, Valente S, Takyar J, et al. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.