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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-66</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Персональный и коллективный иммунитет при вакцинации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vaccination contribute to the development of personal and herd immunity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медуницын</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medunitsyn</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руководитель научного направления, д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of scientific direction. Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Medunitsyn2012@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олефир</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olefir</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Генеральный директор, д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director-General. Doctor of Medical Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заместитель генерального директора по экспертизе лекарственных средств, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Director-General for Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Директор Центра экспертизы и контроля медицинских иммунобиологических препаратов, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director of Centre for examination and control of medical immunobiological preparations. Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>195</fpage><lpage>207</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Медуницын Н.В., Олефир Ю.В., Меркулов В.А., Бондарев В.П., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медуницын Н.В., Олефир Ю.В., Меркулов В.А., Бондарев В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Medunitsyn N.V., Olefir Y.V., Merkulov V.A., Bondarev V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/66">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/66</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены доказательства необходимости персонализации вакцинации и примеры из практики, свидетельствующие о возможности такого подхода. Для проведения персонализации вакцинации необходимы предварительное определение титров антител (или кожных проб замедленного типа) и последующая коррекция развития иммунитета у лиц с низкими титрами защитных антител или с признаками гипериммунизации. Описаны преимущества персонализации вакцинации и перечислены мероприятия, которые следует провести для достижения этой цели. Указаны трудности такой персонализации и способы их преодоления. Персонализация вакцинации не требует больших финансовых затрат и способствует развитию вакцинопрофилактики. Персонализация вакцинации необходима для скорейшего достижения коллективного иммунитета, при котором происходит снижение заболеваемости данной инфекцией и, как правило, сокращение циркуляции ее возбудителя. Решающим условием формирования коллективного иммунитета является появление «иммунной прослойки», которая состоит преимущественно из переболевших и вакцинированных лиц, а также лиц, иммунизированных естественным путем циркулирующим в среде возбудителем инфекции. Эффективность коллективного иммунитета снижается при генетической изменчивости возбудителя, частых отводов и отказов от вакцинации. Длительное сохранение коллективного иммунитета обеспечивает иммунологическая память.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present article adduces the evidence in support of the need in the development of personalized vaccines and provides with case studies, substantiating the possibility of the mentioned approach. In order to personalize vaccines one should perform preliminary determination of antibody titers (or delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing) and the subsequent correction of the immunity in patients with low titers of protective antibodies or hyperimmunization symptoms. Vaccine personalization does not require serious financial expenses. The article provides with the advantages of vaccine personalization and the measures that should be taken to achieve this goal. The difficulties of the personalization and the ways to overcome them are described in the article. Vaccine personalization does not require serious financial expenses. It will contribute to the development of preventive vaccination. Personalization of vaccines is necessary for achieving herd immunity, which leads to the reduction in the incidence of the mentioned infection and usually to the reduction of agent circulation. «Immune domain», which includes mostly recovered and vaccinated patients as well as naturally immuned individuals (by circulating infectious agents), plays a decisive role in the development of herd immunity. The effectiveness of herd immunity is reduced due to genetic variability of an agent, frequent vaccination refusals and rejections. Long-term herd immunity is stipulated by immunological memory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцины</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>дифференцированный подход</kwd><kwd>коррекция иммунитета</kwd><kwd>защитные титры антител</kwd><kwd>индивидуализация (персонализация) вакцинации</kwd><kwd>vaccines</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>differentiated approach</kwd><kwd>correction of immunity</kwd><kwd>protective antibody titers</kwd><kwd>vaccination personalization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брико НИ. Оценка качества и эффективности иммунопрофилактики. Available from: http//www.lvrach.ru/2012/10/ 15435557/22/02/2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briko NY. Assessment of the quality and effectiveness of immunization. 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