biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2025-645biopreparat-645Research ArticleПРОТИВОВИРУСНЫЕ ВАКЦИНЫVIRUS VACCINESВакцины против ветряной оспы и опоясывающего герпеса: от живых аттенуированных вакцин к генно-инженерным препаратамVaricella and Herpes zoster vaccines: from live attenuated vaccines to genetically engineered productshttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-5845-7569ЗотоваА. В.ZotovaA. V.

Зотова Анна Вячеславовна, канд. фарм. наук

Малый Казенный пер., д. 5а, стр. 2, Москва, 105064

Anna V. Zotova, Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)

5A/2 Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064

zotova@instmech.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389СвитичО. А.SvitichO. A.

Свитич Оксана Анатольевна, д-р мед. наук, проф., академик РАН

Малый Казенный пер., д. 5а, стр. 2, Москва, 105064; Трубецкая улица, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991

Oxana A. Svitich, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Acad. RAS

5A/2 Maly Kazenny Ln., Moscow 105064; 8/2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»РоссияI. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and SeraRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation202519122025254461474Copyright © Зотова А.В., Свитич О.А., 20252025Зотова А.В., Свитич О.А.Zotova A.V., Svitich O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/645ВВЕДЕНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Вирус ветряной оспы (ВВО) остается серьезной угрозой для здоровья населения и представляет собой значительное бремя для системы здравоохранения, связанное с затратами на лечение. Охват населения вакцинацией против ветряной оспы (ВО) и опоясывающего герпеса (ОГ) остается низким по ряду причин, включая отсутствие достаточного количества вакцин. Совершенствование качества существующих и создание новых генно-инженерных, эффективных препаратов с высоким профилем безопасности, а также усовершенствование протоколов их оценки с включением в алгоритмы параметров клеточного иммунного ответа являются необходимым условием развития вакцинопрофилактики заболеваний, вызываемых ВВО. Систематизация данных о текущем статусе вакцин против ВО и ОГ поможет разработчикам в планировании дизайна доклинических и клинических исследований.

ЦЕЛЬ

ЦЕЛЬ. Анализ опыта разработки и внедрения в клиническую практику современных вакцин для профилактики заболеваний, вызываемых вирусом ветряной оспы, а также оценка путей дальнейших разработок профилактических вакцин.

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Для профилактики ВО и ОГ рекомендуют применять живые вакцины, поскольку они имитируют естественный иммунный ответ организма на контакт с вирусным агентом и активируют как гуморальный, так и клеточный иммунитет. В настоящее время в мире зарегистрировано семь живых вакцин для профилактики ВО и две живые вакцины для профилактики ОГ. Однако при сниженном иммунитете ввиду различных состояний живые вакцины не рекомендованы из-за возможного развития вакциноассоциированных заболеваний. Рекомбинантная вакцина на основе вирусного гликопротеина Е c системой адъювантов показана для профилактики ОГ для лиц старше 50 лет с возможностью назначения иммунокомпрометированным пациентам.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Наиболее перспективными являются исследования в области разработок вакцин на основе рекомбинантных, РНК-, ДНК-технологий. Поскольку безопасность данных вакцин по ряду параметров превосходит живые вакцины, применение их возможно у лиц с ослабленным иммунитетом. В России также ведется работа по созданию вакцин против ВВО-ассоциированных заболеваний.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. Varicella zoster virus remains a serious threat to public health and is a sig­nificant burden on the health system due to treatment costs. Vaccination coverage against varicella zoster (VZ) and herpes zoster (HZ) remains low for a number of reasons, including lack of sufficient vaccines. Improving the existing vaccines, creating new genetically engineered, effective products with a high safety profile, and updating their assessment protocols (including cellular immune response parameters in the algorithms) is a prerequisite for further vaccine prevention of diseases caused by high-risk factors. Systematising status of VZ and HZ vaccines will help developers enhance preclinical and clinical research protocols.

AIM

AIM. This study aimed to analyse the experience of developing and introducing modern vaccines to prevent diseases caused by varicella virus, as well as assessing the ways of further developments of preventive vaccines.

DISCUSSION

DISCUSSION. Live vaccines are recommended for prevention of VZ and HZ, as they mimic the body’s natural immune response to a viral agent and activate both humoral and cellular immune responses. To date, seven live vaccines for VZ prevention and two live vaccines for HZ prevention are registered worldwide. However, under conditions of reduced immunity, live vaccines are not recommended due to high risk of vaccine-associated diseases. A recombinant glycoprotein E (gpE)-based vaccine with adjuvant system is indicated for HZ prevention in people over 50 years and allowed in immunocompromised patients.

CONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONS. Research of vaccine development based on recombinant, RNA and DNA technologies shows the best prospects, since their safety is superior to live vaccines in a number of parameters and they can be used in immunocompromised patients. Both live attenuated and recombinant vaccines against diseases associated with the varicella virus are under development in Russia.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.