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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2025-25-2-156-169</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-630</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА НОМЕРА: ТРЕНДЫ КОНТРОЛЯ КАЧЕСТВА И СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUE TOPIC: TRENDS IN QUALITY CONTROL AND STANDARDISATION OF BIOLOGICALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение принципов 3Rs для оценки качества АКДС-вакцины: преимущества и недостатки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of 3Rs principles to assess the quality of DPT vaccine: Advantages and disadvantages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-6072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаровская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarovskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комаровская Елена Игоревна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Komarovskaya</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Komarovskaya@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1937-4946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проскурина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Proskurina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проскурина Ольга Владимировна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Proskurina</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">proskurinaov@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комаровская Е.И., Проскурина О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комаровская Е.И., Проскурина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarovskaya E.I., Proskurina O.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/630">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/630</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Для определения специфической активности дифтерийного и столбнячного анатоксинов в составе АКДС-вакцин крупные мировые производители, следуя принципам 3Rs (замена, уменьшение, усовершенствование), активно применяют современные альтернативные методы in vivo и in vitro. На сегодняшний день некоторые альтернативные методы полностью заменили методы in vivo. В Российской Федерации принципы 3Rs для оценки качества АКДС-вакцины практически не применяются. Процесс гармонизации Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации с требованиями региональной фармакопеи Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) обусловливает необходимость проведения анализа современных методов контроля качества АКДС-вакцин.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Провести сравнительный анализ современных методов определения специфической активности компонентов АКДС-вакцины, оценить их преимущества и недостатки, выявить проблемные вопросы гармонизации методов в рамках ЕАЭС.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. В Европейском союзе принципы 3Rs являются неотъемлемой частью законодательства. Благодаря исследованиям под эгидой ВОЗ и Европейского директората по качеству лекарственных средств и здравоохранения (EDQM) в некоторых тестах удалось полностью отказаться от использования лабораторных животных или заменить их на более гуманные, облегчающие страдания животных. Альтернативные серологические методы для контроля качества АКДС-вакцины считают щадящими, но они не исключают использование животных, которых иммунизируют для последующего получения образцов крови. Для постановки альтернативных методов определения специфической активности дифтерийного и столбнячного анатоксинов требуются дополнительные материалы, реактивы, стандартные образцы, специальное оборудование и статистическое программное обеспечение. Методы многоэтапны, требуют вовлечения большего числа специалистов. Альтернативный серологический метод на основе ИФА обладает определенным преимуществом перед методом летального заражения. В нем исключено использование токсинов и доступно определение содержания сразу двух видов защитных антител в образцах сыворотки крови, полученных от одного животного.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Несмотря на активное развитие и внедрение методов контроля качества вакцин in vitro, для дифтерийного и столбнячного компонентов АКДС-вакцины методы летального заражения более экономичны, просты в исполнении и позволяют оценить прямое протективное действие вакцины. Из альтернативных методов для контроля качества АКДС-вакцины наиболее перспективным является метод на основе иммуноферментного анализа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Global vaccine manufacturers actively use modern alternative in vivo and in vitro tests to assess the potency of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in the DPT vaccine, following 3Rs principles (replacement, reduction, refinement). At present, some in vivo tests have been completely replaced with alternative tests. In the Russian Federation, the 3Rs principles for quality assessment of DPT vaccine are practically not applied. The process of harmonization of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation with the requirements of the regional pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) necessitates the analysis of modern tests for quality assessment of DPT vaccines.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. To conduct a comparative analysis of modern tests for potency determination of DPT vaccine components, assess advantages and disadvantages of tests, and identify problematic issues in harmonizing tests within the pharmacopoeia of EAEU.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. In the European Union, the 3Rs principles are an integral part of the legislation. Due to investigations under the auspices of WHO and the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and Healthcare (EDQM), the use of laboratory animals have been completely excluded from some tests or replaced with more sparing tests that alleviate the suffering of animals. Alternative serological tests of DPT vaccine are considered sparing, but they include animals that are immunized for subsequent collection of blood samples. To establish alternative tests for potency assessment of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, additional materials, reagents, standards, special equipment, and statistical software are required. They are multi-stage and a larger number of skilled specialists are needed. Alternative serological tests based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have a certain advantage over the lethal challenge method: exclusion of toxins usage and determination of two types of protective antibodies in the blood serum samples obtained from one animal.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Despite the active development and implementation of in vitro tests for quality control of the diphtheria and tetanus components of the DPT vaccine, lethal challenge methods are more cost-effective, easy to perform and adapted to assess the direct protective effect of the vaccine. It should be noted that ELISA is the most promising test of the alternative tests applied for quality control of the DPT vaccine.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>принципы 3Rs</kwd><kwd>альтернативные методы</kwd><kwd>АКДС-вакцина</kwd><kwd>методы in vivo</kwd><kwd>методы in vitro</kwd><kwd>серологические методы</kwd><kwd>специфическая активность</kwd><kwd>дифтерийный анатоксин</kwd><kwd>столбнячный анатоксин</kwd><kwd>коклюшный компонент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>3Rs principles</kwd><kwd>alternative tests</kwd><kwd>DPT vaccine</kwd><kwd>in vivo tests</kwd><kwd>in vitro tests</kwd><kwd>serological tests</kwd><kwd>vaccine potency</kwd><kwd>diphtheria toxoid</kwd><kwd>tetanus toxoid</kwd><kwd>pertussis component</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00001-25-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 124022200103-5.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was conducted by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products as part of the applied research funded under State Assignment No. 056-00001-25-00 (R&amp;D Registry No. 124022200103-5).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stickings P, Rigsby P, Coombes L, Hockley J, Tierney R, Sesardic D. 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