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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2025-25-1-111-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-629</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние условий хранения цельноклеточной коклюшной вакцины на ее токсичность: исследование на аутбредных мышах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of storage conditions on the toxicity of whole-cell pertussis vaccine in outbred mice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5586-2933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Ирина Андреевна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Alekseeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AlekseevaI@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4061-8892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепихова</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepikhova</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лепихова Дарья Николаевна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya N. Lepikhova</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lepihovadn@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-5046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисова Ольга Юрьевна, д-р мед. наук, проф.</p><p>ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва, 125212</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Borisova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p><p>Admiral Makarov St., 10, Moscow 125212</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-3531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пименова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pimenova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пименова Алена Сергеевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва, 125212</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena S. Pimenova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Admiral Makarov St., 10, Moscow 125212</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-942X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андриевская</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrievskaya</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андриевская Ирина Юрьевна</p><p>ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва, 125212</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Andrievskaya</p><p>Admiral Makarov St., 10, Moscow 125212</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8002-2407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимхалилова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimkhalilova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ибрагимхалилова Ильхамья Вейсаловна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilkhamya V. Ibragimkhalilova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ibragimhalilova@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева И.А., Лепихова Д.Н., Борисова О.Ю., Пименова А.С., Андриевская И.Ю., Ибрагимхалилова И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева И.А., Лепихова Д.Н., Борисова О.Ю., Пименова А.С., Андриевская И.Ю., Ибрагимхалилова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva I.A., Lepikhova D.N., Borisova O.Y., Pimenova A.S., Andrievskaya I.Y., Ibragimkhalilova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/629">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/629</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Цельноклеточная коклюшная вакцина (ЦКВ) обладает высокой эффективностью, однако побочное действие (повышение температуры, отечность в месте введения, аллергические реакции, фебрильные судороги) ограничивает ее широкое использование. Актуальными являются исследования, направленные на снижение токсических свойств ЦКВ.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Оценка токсических свойств цельноклеточной коклюшной вакцины в экспериментах на мышах при изменении условий в процессе хранения вакцины.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Использовали штаммы Bordetella pertussis — производственные штаммы, а также циркулирующие штаммы, выделенные от больных коклюшем детей. Десять образцов ЦКВ готовили путем проведения смыва выращенной бактериальной культуры и внесения в суспензию формальдегида (инактивирующий агент) и тиомерсала (консервант). Использовали аутбредных мышей, которых распределяли в 10 опытных групп и 1 контрольную, содержащих по 10 животных каждая. Мышам опытных групп внутрибрюшинно вводили образцы ЦКВ, мышам контрольной группы — 0,9% раствор натрия хлорида с тиомерсалом. Проводили взвешивание мышей до введения препарата, а также на 1 и 7 сут после введения. Сроки взвешивания животных обусловлены сроками максимального проявления действия основных токсинов B. pertussis — липоолигосахарида (на 1 сут) и коклюшного токсина (на 7 сут). Определяли значения показателя специфической безопасности образцов ЦКВ на протяжении срока хранения вакцины (12 мес.) как отношение прироста массы тела мышей группы опытных животных к приросту массы тела контрольных животных, выраженное в процентах.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Введение животным коклюшной суспензии после ее выдерживания с инактивирующим агентом в условиях хранения в течение 1–3 мес. приводило к снижению массы тела мышей на (-2,84%) относительно исходного веса на 1 сут после введения вакцины, а в случае коклюшной суспензии, инактивированной в течение 10–12 мес., снижение массы тела составило (-1,62%). Установлено, что при введении коклюшной суспензии, выдержанной с инактивирующим агентом в течение 1–3 мес., прирост массы тела мышей через 7 сут после введения вакцины составил 31,0% по отношению к исходному весу, а показатель специфической безопасности — 69,38%. В случае коклюшной суспензии, инактивированной в течение 10–12 мес., прирост массы тела составлял 43,22%, а показатель специфической безопасности — 84,31%. Это указывает на снижение остаточной токсичности вакцины через 12 мес., а также на то, что процесс обезвреживания коклюшного токсина носит пролонгированный характер и продолжается на протяжении всего срока хранения вакцины. Величина коэффициента корреляции Спирмена, характеризующая силу связи между значениями специфической безопасности и приростом массы тела мышей, составила: на 7 сут — 0,55 (р&lt;0,01), что указывает на заметную силу связи между изучаемыми показателями; на 1 сут — 0,349 (р&lt;0,01), что свидетельствует об умеренной силе связи.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Полученные результаты продемонстрировали более полную детоксикацию коклюшного токсина в образцах вакцин, выдержанных с инактивирующим агентом не менее 10–12 мес. в условиях хранения. Для повышения безопасности АКДС-вакцины целесообразно использовать серии ЦКВ после 10–12 мес. хранения в регламентированных условиях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Although whole-cell pertussis vaccine (WCPV) is highly effective, its widespread use is limited by adverse reactions (increased body temperature, administration site oedema, allergic reactions, and febrile seizures). Therefore, there is a need to explore strategies for reducing the toxicity of WCPV.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of WCPV in mice after storing WCPV under different conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study focused on Bordetella pertussis strains, including vaccine production strains and circulating strains isolated from children with pertussis. Ten WCPV samples were prepared by washing the grown cultures and adding formaldehyde (inactivating agent) and thimerosal (preservative) to the bacterial suspensions. Outbred mice were randomised into 10 test groups and 1 control group (10 animals per group). The test groups received intraperitoneal injections of the WCPV samples, while the control group received 0.9% sodium chloride with thimerosal. Mice were weighed before injection, as well as on Days 1 and 7 after injection. The weighing was timed to coincide with the peak activity of the main B. pertussis toxins, lipo-oligosaccharide (Day 1) and pertussis toxin (Day 7). The specific safety index was calculated as the ratio of the weight gain of the test animals to the weight gain of the control animals (in %) and was monitored for the WCPV samples throughout the WCPV shelf life (12 months).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. On Day 1 after injection, the B. pertussis suspensions kept with the inactivating agent under recommended storage conditions for 1–3 months caused a 2.84% decrease in the body weight of mice from the baseline weight, and the suspensions inactivated for 10–12 months caused a 1.62% weight loss relative to the baseline. On Day 7 after injection, the mice that received the B. pertussis suspensions inactivated for 1–3 months showed a 31.0% increase from the baseline weight, and the mice that received the suspensions inactivated for 10–12 months demonstrated a 43.22% weight gain. The suspensions inactivated for 1–3 months and 10–12 months had specific safety indices of 69.38% and 84.31%, respectively. According to these findings, the residual toxicity of WCPV decreased after 12 months of storage, and the process of pertussis toxin inactivation lasted throughout the entire WCPV shelf life. Spearman’s correlation coefficient, characterising the strength of the relationship between the specific safety index and the weight gain of mice, was 0.55 (p&lt;0.01) on Day 7 (a noticeably strong relationship) and 0.349 (p&lt;0.01) on Day 1 (a moderately strong relationship).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. The results suggest a more complete detoxification of pertussis toxin in the samples of WCPV kept with the inactivating agent under recommended storage conditions for at least 10–12 months compared with that after a shorter period. To improve the safety of DTP vaccines, it is advisable to use WCPV batches stored for 10–12 months.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цельноклеточная коклюшная вакцина</kwd><kwd>ЦКВ</kwd><kwd>специфическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>остаточная токсичность</kwd><kwd>АКДС-вакцина</kwd><kwd>коклюшный токсин</kwd><kwd>липоолигосахарид Bordetella pertussis</kwd><kwd>условия хранения вакцины</kwd><kwd>инактивация коклюшного токсина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>whole-cell pertussis vaccine</kwd><kwd>WCPV</kwd><kwd>specific toxicity</kwd><kwd>residual toxicity</kwd><kwd>DTP vaccine</kwd><kwd>pertussis toxin</kwd><kwd>Bordetella pertussis lipo-oligosaccharide</kwd><kwd>vaccine storage conditions</kwd><kwd>pertussis toxin inactivation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00001-25-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР № 124022200103-5).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products as part of the applied research funded under State Assignment No. 056-00001-25-00 (R&amp;D Registry No. 124022200103-5).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein NP. 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