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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2025-25-1-47-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА НОМЕРА: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВАКЦИН И РЕАЛЬНАЯ КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUE TOPIC: VACCINES: CLINICAL TRIALS AND ACTUAL CLINICAL PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Столбняк у непривитых лиц: обзор клинических случаев</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tetanus in unvaccinated persons: A review of case reports</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-6072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаровская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarovskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комаровская Елена Игоревна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Komarovskaya</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Komarovskaya@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1937-4946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проскурина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Proskurina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проскурина Ольга Владимировна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Proskurina</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комаровская Е.И., Проскурина О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комаровская Е.И., Проскурина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarovskaya E.I., Proskurina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/616">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/616</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Случаи заболевания столбняком ежегодно регистрируются в различных странах мира, главным образом среди невакцинированных или частично вакцинированных лиц. Анализ случаев заболевания столбняком и выявление причин отсутствия вакцинации, включая отказы от ее проведения, имеют большое значение для привлечения внимания специалистов системы здравоохранения к данной проблеме.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Обзор клинических случаев столбняка у непривитых или частично привитых лиц, анализ причин отсутствия вакцинации и выявление проблем, связанных с профилактической вакцинацией от данного заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Анализ эпидемиологических данных показал, что случаи заболеваемости столбняком ежегодно фиксируют практически во всех странах мира. В 2023 г. в мире было зарегистрировано 21830 случаев столбняка (по данным ВОЗ), в Российской Федерации — 8 случаев. Основной проблемой при диагностике столбняка является отсутствие надежных методов лабораторного подтверждения диагноза. Специфическая терапия с применением лошадиной противостолбнячной сыворотки сопряжена с рисками развития аллергических реакций. Несмотря на то что столбняк традиционно считается инфекцией, которая может развиваться в случаях появления глубоких и загрязненных почвой ран, у непривитых или частично привитых лиц даже незначительные травмы могут привести к развитию инфекции. Проведен анализ клинических случаев столбняка (13 случаев), развившегося у невакцинированных или частично вакцинированных лиц вследствие незначительных травм или травм, ограниченно загрязненных почвой. В описанных случаях все заболевшие дети не были вакцинированы из-за религиозных и/или личных мотивов родителей. Анализ клинических случаев у взрослых выявил, что заболевание развивалось из-за небрежного отношения к травме и несвоевременного обращения за медицинской помощью.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Проблема заболеваемости столбняком связана с недостаточной информированностью населения об опасности заболевания и ростом числа противников вакцинации. Необходимо активное взаимодействие специалистов системы здравоохранения, представителей общественных организаций и религиозных общин с целью улучшения пропаганды вакцинации и санитарно-просветительской работы, что позволит повысить доверие населения  вакцинопрофилактике, увеличит охват профилактическими прививками и снизит риски инфицирования столбняком.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Cases of tetanus are registered annually throughout the world, mainly in unimmunised or incompletely immunised populations. Analysis of tetanus cases and identification of the reasons for non-vaccination, including refusal to vaccinate, are important for drawing the attention of health professionals to this issue.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to review case reports of tetanus in unvaccinated or partially vaccinated individuals, analyse reasons for non-vaccination, and identify problems associated with preventive vaccination against tetanus.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. According to epidemiological data, cases of tetanus are recorded every year in almost every country in the world. In 2023, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported 21,830 cases of tetanus worldwide, and the Russian Federation reported 8 tetanus patients, including children. The main issue with diagnosing tetanus lies in the lack of reliable laboratory tests for confirming tetanus. Tetanus-specific therapy with tetanus antitoxin (equine) is associated with the risk of allergic reactions. Traditionally, tetanus is considered an infection that develops only in patients with deep and soil-contaminated wounds. However, unvaccinated or partially vaccinated individuals are at high risk of tetanus, even with minor wounds. This study involved an analysis of case reports of tetanus (13 cases) in unvaccinated or partially vaccinated individuals with minor wounds or wounds minimally contaminated with soil. In all the paediatric tetanus cases discussed in this article, the parents had not vaccinated their children for religious and/or personal reasons. The analysis of case reports of tetanus in adults showed that the patients had not taken their wounds seriously and had not sought medical help before the onset of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. The concerning incidence of tetanus is attributed to insufficient public awareness of the dangers of the disease and the rising number of people refusing vaccines. Health professionals, public organisations, and religious communities should work together to promote vaccination and improve health education. This will enhance public confidence in vaccination, increase preventive vaccination coverage, and reduce the incidence of tetanus.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>столбняк</kwd><kwd>вакцины против столбняка</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>непривитые лица</kwd><kwd>клинический&#13;
случай</kwd><kwd>противостолбнячная сыворотка</kwd><kwd>противостолбнячный иммуноглобулин</kwd><kwd>отказ&#13;
от вакцинации</kwd><kwd>антипрививочное движение</kwd><kwd>столбнячный токсин</kwd><kwd>раневая инфекция</kwd><kwd>тризм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tetanus</kwd><kwd>tetanus vaccine</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>unvaccinated persons</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd><kwd>tetanus antitoxin (equine)</kwd><kwd>tetanus immune globulin</kwd><kwd>vaccination refusal</kwd><kwd>anti-vaccination movement</kwd><kwd>tetanus toxin</kwd><kwd>wound infection</kwd><kwd>trismus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00001-25-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР № 124022200103-5)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products as part of the applied research funded under State Assignment No. 056-00001-25-00 (R&amp;D Registry No. 124022200103-5)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якимова ТН, Максимова НМ, Маркина СС, Яцковский КА, Жилина НЯ. 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