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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2024-569</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-569</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОТИВОВИРУСНЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANTIVIRAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема лекарственной устойчивости вируса SARS-CoV-2 к препаратам прямого противовирусного действия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The problem of SARS-CoV-2 virus resistance to direct-acting antivirals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-3045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасич</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasich</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гасич Елена Леонидовна, д-р биол. наук, доц. </p><p> ул. Казинца, д. 50, г. Минск, 220099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena L. Gasich, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof.</p><p>50 Kazintsa St., Minsk 220099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena.gasich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9006-0917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кроткова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotkova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кроткова Елена Николаевна, канд. мед. наук, доц. </p><p>ул. Долгиновский тракт, д. 157, г. Минск, 220080</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Krotkova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.</p><p>157 Dolginovsky Rd, Minsk 220080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krotkova.elena73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4237-5893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коско</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasko</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коско Анастасия Дмитриевна </p><p>ул. Казинца, д. 50, г. Минск, 220099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya D. Kasko</p><p>50 Kazintsa St., Minsk 220099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosko.ad@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4179-3125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булда</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulda</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булда Кирилл Юрьевич</p><p>ул. Казинца, д. 50, г. Минск, 220099,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill Yu. Bulda</p><p>50 Kazintsa St., Minsk 220099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">buldakyworks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2765-3525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красько</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasko</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красько Анатолий Геннадиевич, канд. мед. наук</p><p>ул. Казинца, д. 50, г. Минск, 220099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoli G. Krasko, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>50 Kazintsa St., Minsk 220099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kraskoa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7488-6401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дорофеева Елизавета Алексеевна</p><p>ул. Голубева, д. 25, г. Минск, 220117</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta A. Dorofeeva</p><p>25 Golubev St., Minsk 220117</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elizthings@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-2166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпов Игорь Александрович, д-р мед. наук, проф., член-корр. Национальной академии наук Республики Беларусь</p><p>пр. Дзержинского, д. 83, г. Минск, 220083</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Karpov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</p><p>83 Dzerzhinsky Ave, Minsk 220083</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vip.kia1957@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное учреждение «Республиканский центр гигиены, эпидемиологии и общественного здоровья»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное учреждение «Республиканский научно-практический центр пульмонологии и фтизиатрии»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pulmonology and Phthisiology</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение здравоохранения «32-я городская клиническая поликлиника»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>32nd City Clinical Clinic</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение образования «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>415</fpage><lpage>427</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гасич Е.Л., Кроткова Е.Н., Коско А.Д., Булда К.Ю., Красько А.Г., Дорофеева Е.А., Карпов И.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гасич Е.Л., Кроткова Е.Н., Коско А.Д., Булда К.Ю., Красько А.Г., Дорофеева Е.А., Карпов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gasich E.L., Krotkova E.N., Kasko A.D., Bulda K.Y., Krasko A.G., Dorofeeva E.A., Karpov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/569">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/569</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Геном SARS-CoV-2 характеризуется высокой частотой мутаций, в связи с чем особое беспокойство вызывает проблема резистентности вируса к современным противови­-</p><p>русным препаратам — ингибиторам основной протеазы (3CLpro) и РНК-зависимой РНК-полимеразы (RdRp).</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Проанализировать сведения о частоте встречаемости, спектре и причинах формирования мутаций лекарственной устойчивости вируса SARS-CoV-2 к ингибиторам основной протеазы и РНК-зависимой РНК-полимеразы, применяемым в клинической практике или находящимся в стадии разработки, на основе клинических, вирусологических и генотипических данных.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Анализ частоты встречаемости мутаций лекарственной устойчивости в геноме вируса SARS-CoV-2 к противовирусным препаратам (ингибиторы RdRp — ремдесивир и молнупиравир; ингибиторы протеазы 3CLpro — паксловид) за 2021–2024 гг. показал, что некоторые мутации существовали до начала использования препаратов. Уровень распространенности мутаций лекарственной резистентности в мире не превышает 0,5%. Однако согласно результатам клинических и экспериментальных исследований продемонстрирована возможность снижения восприимчивости к препаратам более чем в 200 раз, в том числе и с формированием мультирезистентных вариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2, что особенно актуально для пациентов с иммуносупрессией. У таких пациентов SARS-CoV-2 может сохраняться в течение многих месяцев, и противовирусный препарат может потерять свою эффективность по мере отбора или появления спонтанных мутаций, создавая риск распространения лекарственно-устойчивых штаммов и/или неблагоприятного исхода для пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. В связи с увеличением охвата лечением пациентов с COVID-19 существует риск роста резистентных вариантов вируса. Представленные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости проведения геномного эпидемиологического надзора с анализом потенциальных мишеней действия лекарственных препаратов с учетом данных клинического наблюдения пациентов, что в будущем может определять тактику терапии и необходимость разработки новых противовирусных препаратов (ингибиторов RdRp и протеаз), адаптированных к лекарственно-устойчивым вариантам SARS-CoV-2.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The high prevalence of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome raises particular concerns about the resistance of the virus to current antiviral therapy, including inhibitors of the main protease, or 3C-like protease (3CLpro), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence, spectrum, and causes of SARS-CoV-2 mutations conferring resistance to approved and pipeline RdRp and 3CLpro inhibitors on the basis of clinical, virological, and genotypic data.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. The authors have analysed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 mutations conferring resistance to antivirals (RdRp inhibitors, including remdesivir and molnupiravir, and 3CLpro inhibitors, including paxlovid) in 2021–2024. The results suggest that certain mutations existed prior to the use of these antivirals. The prevalence of resistance-conferring mutations does not exceed 0.5% of the global population. However, the results of clinical and experimental studies demonstrate the possibility of a more than 200-fold reduction in susceptibility to medicinal products and, in particular, the emergence of multidrug-resistant variants. This is especially important for immunocompromised patients. SARS-CoV-2 can persist in such patients for many months, during which spontaneous or selection-driven mutations can render antiviral therapy ineffective. This would create a risk of spreading drug-resistant variants and/or a risk of adverse outcomes for patients.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. As COVID-19 treatment coverage increases, there may be a rise in drug-resistant variants of the virus. The presented data indicate the need for genomic epidemiological surveillance, including an analysis of potential targets for medicinal products based on clinical observations. In the future, surveillance data may determine the treatment strategy and the need to develop new antivirals (RdRp and protease inhibitors) adjusted to resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>противовирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>ремдесивир</kwd><kwd>паксловид</kwd><kwd>3CLpro</kwd><kwd>RdRp</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>antiviral therapy</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>remdesivir</kwd><kwd>paxlovid</kwd><kwd>3CLpro</kwd><kwd>RdRp</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственной программы научных исследований «Трансляционная медицина» (подпрограмма «Фундаментальные аспекты медицинской науки») по заданию 1.29 «Изучить влияние мутаций лекарственной устойчивости вируса SARS-CoV-2 на течение заболевания и эффективность применения средств противовирусного действия для лечения COVID-19 в отношении актуальных штаммов вируса и разработать алгоритм молекулярно-генетических исследований для их выявления» (Рег. № НИР 20230286)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the Translational Medicine State Research Programme (and the sub-programme Fundamental Aspects of Medical Science) as part of Assignment No. 1.29 to study the effect of resistance-conferring SARS-CoV-2 mutations on the course of the disease and the effectiveness of anti-COVID-19 treatment with regard to the current virus variants and to develop a molecular genetic testing algorithm to identify these mutations (R&amp;D Registry No. 20230286)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, et al. 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