<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2024-24-1-32-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-558</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА НОМЕРА: СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИЯ И КОНТРОЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА  БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUE TOPIC: STANDARDISATION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF BIOLOGICALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка и валидация методики определения остаточного белка А в фармацевтических субстанциях терапевтических моноклональных антител</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development and validation of an analytical procedure for the determination of residual protein A in active substances of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2832-0361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ноздрина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nozdrina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ноздрина Елена Васильевна</p><p>ул. Владимирская, д. 14, пос. Вольгинский, Петушинский район, Владимирская область, 601125</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Nozdrina</p><p>14 Vladimirskaya St., Volginsky, Petushinskiy District, Vladimir Region 601125</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evnozdrina@ibcgenerium.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9952-8184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазалев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazalev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазалев Денис Алексеевич</p><p>ул. Владимирская, д. 14, пос. Вольгинский, Петушинский район, Владимирская область, 601125</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Mazalev</p><p>14 Vladimirskaya St., Volginsky, Petushinskiy District, Vladimir Region 601125</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazalev@ibcgenerium.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6050-975X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогозина</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogozina</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рогозина Дарья Романовна</p><p>ул. Владимирская, д. 14, пос. Вольгинский, Петушинский район, Владимирская область, 601125</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria R. Rogozina</p><p>14 Vladimirskaya St., Volginsky, Petushinskiy District, Vladimir Region 601125</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drrogozina@generium.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Живодеров</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhivoderov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Живодеров Сергей Петрович, канд. вет. наук</p><p>ул. Академика Бакулова, д. 1, пос. Вольгинский, Петушинский район, Владимирская область, 601125</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Zhivoderov, Cand. Sci. (Vet.)</p><p>1 Academician Bakoulov St., Volginsky, Petushinskiy District, Vladimir Region 601125</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">szhivodyorov@vniivvim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-1106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лягоскин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyagoskin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лягоскин Иван Владимирович, канд. биол. наук</p><p>ул. Владимирская, д. 14, пос. Вольгинский, Петушинский район, Владимирская область, 601125</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Lyagoskin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>14 Vladimirskaya St., Volginsky, Petushinskiy District, Vladimir Region 601125</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyagoskin@ibcgenerium.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6532-7835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шукуров</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shukurov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шукуров Рахим Рахманкулыевич, канд. биол. наук</p><p>ул. Владимирская, д. 14, пос. Вольгинский, Петушинский район, Владимирская область, 601125</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rakhim R. Shukurov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>14 Vladimirskaya St., Volginsky, Petushinskiy District, Vladimir Region 601125</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Shukurov@ibcgenerium.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «ГЕНЕРИУМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GENERIUM JSC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Стандартизация и контроль качества биологических лекарственных препаратов</issue-title><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ноздрина Е.В., Мазалев Д.А., Рогозина Д.Р., Живодеров С.П., Лягоскин И.В., Шукуров Р.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ноздрина Е.В., Мазалев Д.А., Рогозина Д.Р., Живодеров С.П., Лягоскин И.В., Шукуров Р.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nozdrina E.V., Mazalev D.A., Rogozina D.R., Zhivoderov S.P., Lyagoskin I.V., Shukurov R.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/558">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/558</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. При контроле качества препаратов терапевтических моноклональных антител важной задачей является определение остаточного белка А, появление которого связано с вымыванием из носителя в процессе аффинной хроматографической очистки антител. Иммуноферментное определение белка А осложняется эффектом влияния присутствия неродственных соединений (иммуноглобулины) в образце (эффект матрицы), что может приводить к ложноотрицательным результатам анализа. Для повышения эффективности иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) необходимо разработать этап пробоподготовки образцов, позволяющий необратимо разорвать связь в комплексе «белок А – моноклональное антитело».</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Разработка и валидация аналитической методики иммуноферментного определения остаточного белка А в фармацевтических субстанциях терапевтических моноклональных антител с использованием набора реагентов для ИФА на основе реактивов собственного производства (in-house).</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В качестве антигена использовали рекомбинантный белок А. Наработку поликлональных антител к белку А проводили путем иммунизации кур с последующим отбором яиц и выделением из них антител. Специфичные к белку А антитела очищали с применением аффинной хроматографии. Остаточный белок А определяли после предварительной пробоподготовки образцов с помощью сэндвич-ИФА. Валидацию методики проводили в соответствии с требованиями Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации (ОФС.1.1.0012).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Наработаны, выделены и очищены куриные антитела (IgY) против рекомбинантного белка А. Разработаны условия пробоподготовки и методика для проведения иммуноферментного определения остаточного белка А. Подобраны оптимальные составы буферных растворов, в том числе состав денатурирующего буфера для разрушения комплекса «белок А – моноклональное антитело». Проведена валидация разработанной методики. Измеряемые значения белка А при оценке правильности методики находились в пределах 83–108% от номинального, при оценке межлабораторной прецизионности – в пределах 96–116%, при оценке повторяемости – до 13%. Нижний предел количественного определения составил 10 нг/мл при минимально необходимом разведении 1:10. Аналитическая область методики – от 10 до 40 нг/мл. Методика показала сопоставимые результаты по сравнению с аналогичным набором реагентов иностранного производства.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Разработанная методика определения остаточного белка А c использованием набора реагентов для иммуноферментного анализа на основе реактивов собственного производства позволяет минимизировать эффект матрицы в препаратах терапевтических моноклональных антител. Применение методики позволит решить проблему импортозамещения и снизить затраты на контроль качества российских иммунобиологических препаратов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE</title><p>SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. An important quality-control issue for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is the determination of residual protein A leaching from the carrier during the purification of mAbs by affinity chromatography. However, unrelated compounds (immunoglobulins) present in the sample can complicate the immunoenzymatic detection of protein A (matrix effect), potentially leading to false-negative test results. To increase the efficiency of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), it is necessary to develop a sample preparation step that can irreversibly break the bond in the protein A–mAb complex.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to develop and validate an analytical procedure for the determination of residual protein A in active substances of therapeutic mAbs by ELISA with a test kit comprising in-house reagents.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Recombinant protein A was used as an antigen. Polyclonal antibodies to protein A were produced by immunising chickens, selecting immunised eggs, and isolating antibodies from these eggs. Protein A-specific antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography. Residual protein A was determined using sandwich ELISA with preliminary sample preparation. The analytical procedure was validated in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Validation of Analytical Procedures, OFS.1.1.0012).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The authors obtained, isolated, and purified chicken IgY antibodies to recombinant protein A. The authors selected sample preparation conditions for the determination of residual protein A by ELISA and optimum compositions of buffer solutions, including the composition of a denaturing buffer to disrupt the protein A–mAb complex. The developed analytical procedure was validated. According to the measurements of protein A, the accuracy of the analytical procedure ranged within 83–108% of the nominal value, the interlaboratory precision ranged within 96–116%, and the repeatability was up to 13%. The lower limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL with a minimum required dilution of 1:10. The analytical range extended from 10 to 40 ng/mL. The analytical procedure showed results comparable to those obtained with a similar test kit from an international manufacturer.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. The developed analytical procedure for the determination of residual protein A by ELISA with a test kit comprising in-house reagents can minimise the matrix effect in therapeutic mAbs. This analytical procedure will alleviate import substitution and reduce quality control costs for Russian immunobiologicals.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>белок А</kwd><kwd>определение остаточного белка А</kwd><kwd>терапевтические моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>комплекс «белок А – моноклональное антитело»</kwd><kwd>куриные иммуноглобулины IgY</kwd><kwd>аффинная хроматографическая очистка антител</kwd><kwd>иммуноферментный анализ</kwd><kwd>валидация методики</kwd><kwd>эффект матрицы</kwd><kwd>пробоподготовка образцов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>protein A</kwd><kwd>determination of residual protein A</kwd><kwd>therapeutic monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>mAb</kwd><kwd>protein A–mAb complex</kwd><kwd>chicken IgY immunoglobulins</kwd><kwd>purification of antibodies by affinity chromatography</kwd><kwd>immunoenzyme assay</kwd><kwd>validation of analytical procedures</kwd><kwd>matrix effect</kwd><kwd>sample preparation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнялись в рамках научно-исследовательской работы АО «ГЕНЕРИУМ»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was carried out as part of the research work of GENERIUM JSC</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchez-Trasvina C, Flores-Gatica M, Enriquez-Ochoa D, Rito-Palomares M, Mayolo-Deloisa K. Purification of modified therapeutic proteins available on the market: an analysis of chromatography-based strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:717326. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.717326</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchez-Trasvina C, Flores-Gatica M, Enriquez-Ochoa D, Rito-Palomares M, Mayolo-Deloisa K. Purification of modified therapeutic proteins available on the market: an analysis of chromatography-based strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:717326. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.717326</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazigi O, Schofield P, Langley DB, Christ D. Protein A superantigen: structure, engineering and molecular basis of antibody recognition. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2019;32(8):359–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzz026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazigi O, Schofield P, Langley DB, Christ D. Protein A superantigen: structure, engineering and molecular basis of antibody recognition. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2019;32(8):359–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzz026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson LJ, Lewis W, Kucia-Tran R, Bracewell DG. Identification and classification of host cell proteins during biopharmaceutical process development. Biotechnol Prog. 2022;38(1):e3224. https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.3224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson LJ, Lewis W, Kucia-Tran R, Bracewell DG. Identification and classification of host cell proteins during biopharmaceutical process development. Biotechnol Prog. 2022;38(1):e3224. https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.3224</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choe W, Durgannavar TA, Chung SJ. Fc-binding ligands of immunoglobulin G: an overview of high affinity proteins and peptides. Materials (Basel). 2016;9(12):994. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9120994</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choe W, Durgannavar TA, Chung SJ. Fc-binding ligands of immunoglobulin G: an overview of high affinity proteins and peptides. Materials (Basel). 2016;9(12):994. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9120994</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovacs-Nolan J, Mine Y. Egg yolk antibodies for passive immunity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2012;3:163–82. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovacs-Nolan J, Mine Y. Egg yolk antibodies for passive immunity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2012;3:163–82. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereira EPV, van Tilburg MF, Florean EOPT, Guedes MIF. Egg yolk antibodies (IgY) and their applications in human and veterinary health: a review. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;73:293–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereira EPV, van Tilburg MF, Florean EOPT, Guedes MIF. Egg yolk antibodies (IgY) and their applications in human and veterinary health: a review. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;73:293–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amro WA, Al-Qaisi W, Al-Razem F. Production and purification of IgY antibodies from chicken egg yolk. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2018;16(1):99–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.10.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amro WA, Al-Qaisi W, Al-Razem F. Production and purification of IgY antibodies from chicken egg yolk. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2018;16(1):99–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.10.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steindl F, Armbruster C, Hahn R, Armbruster C, Katinger HWD. A simple method to quantify staphylococcal protein A in the presence of human or animal IgG in various samples. J Immunol Methods. 2000;235(1–2):61–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1759(99)00211-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steindl F, Armbruster C, Hahn R, Armbruster C, Katinger HWD. A simple method to quantify staphylococcal protein A in the presence of human or animal IgG in various samples. J Immunol Methods. 2000;235(1–2):61–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1759(99)00211-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruz AR, den Boer MA, Strasser J, Zwarthoff SA, Beurskens FJ, de Haas CJC, et al. Staphylococcal protein A inhibits complement activation by interfering with IgG hexamer formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021;118(7):e2016772118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016772118</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruz AR, den Boer MA, Strasser J, Zwarthoff SA, Beurskens FJ, de Haas CJC, et al. Staphylococcal protein A inhibits complement activation by interfering with IgG hexamer formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021;118(7):e2016772118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016772118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu FF, Huang B, Dong X-Y, Sun Y. Molecular basis for the dissociation dynamics of protein A-immunoglobulin G1 complex. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66935. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066935</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu FF, Huang B, Dong X-Y, Sun Y. Molecular basis for the dissociation dynamics of protein A-immunoglobulin G1 complex. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66935. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066935</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren D, Darlucio MR, Chou JH. Development of a multi-product leached protein A assay for bioprocess samples containing recombinant human monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods. 2011;366(1–2):20–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2011.02.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren D, Darlucio MR, Chou JH. Development of a multi-product leached protein A assay for bioprocess samples containing recombinant human monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods. 2011;366(1–2):20–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2011.02.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
