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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2024-24-1-46-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-517</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА НОМЕРА: СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИЯ И КОНТРОЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА  БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUE TOPIC: STANDARDISATION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF BIOLOGICALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Количественная масс-спектрометрия с меткой ¹⁸О как альтернативный подход к определению активности протеаз на примере трипсина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Quantitative mass spectrometry with ¹⁸O labelling as an alternative approach for determining protease activity: an example of trypsin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-5319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константинов Михаил Александрович</p><p>ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр.8, Москва, 119121</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Konstantinov</p><p>10/8 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mishanyamihail@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-7588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жданов Дмитрий Дмитриевич, д-р биол. наук</p><p>ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр.8, Москва, 119121</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry D. Zhdanov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>10/8 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhdanovdd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9100-9056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопыгин</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropygin</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торопыгин Илья Юрьевич, канд. биол. наук</p><p>ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр.8, Москва, 119121</p><p>пос. Борок, д. 109, Некоузский район, Ярославская область, 152742</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya Yu. Toropygin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>10/8 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">toropygin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт биомедицинской химии имени В.Н. Ореховича»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Chemistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт биомедицинской химии имени В.Н. Ореховича»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биологии внутренних вод им. И.Д. Папанина Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Chemistry;&#13;
Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Стандартизация и контроль качества биологических лекарственных препаратов</issue-title><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Константинов М.А., Жданов Д.Д., Торопыгин И.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Константинов М.А., Жданов Д.Д., Торопыгин И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konstantinov M.A., Zhdanov D.D., Toropygin I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/517">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/517</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. При контроле качества протеолитических ферментов, входящих в состав лекарственных препаратов, активность протеаз определяется спектрофотометрически, измерением амидазной или эстеразной активности с синтетическим субстратом, и протеолитической по методу Ансона. Данные методы требуют специальных субстратов, обладают низкой чувствительностью, а их специфичность может оказаться недостаточной и приводить к серьезным ошибкам. Альтернативный подход определения активности протеаз реализуется путем количественного масс-спектрометрического измерения, которое обеспечивается добавлением к продуктам гидролиза испытуемого фермента пептида с изотопной меткой. Такой подход позволяет определять протеолитическую активность, причем по гидролизу конкретных пептидных связей, одновременно с подтверждением подлинности и специфичности испытуемого образца с высокой чувствительностью и без использования специальных субстратов.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. На примере трипсина и казеина исследовать возможность определения активности фермента методом количественной масс-спектрометрии с меткой ¹⁸О одновременно с подтверждением подлинности.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Использовали трипсин, казеин, H₂¹⁸O (НПО «Изотоп», Россия). Разделение пептидов проводили с помощью системы ВЭЖХ Agilent 1100, масс-спектры получали с использованием масс-спектрометра MALDI-TOF/TOF Bruker Ultraflex II. Количественный масс-спектрометрический анализ проводили, применяя пептид сравнения. Пептид получали путем гидролиза казеина трипсином с последующей очисткой с помощью ВЭЖХ. Для получения пептида с изотопной меткой ¹⁸О исходный пептид высушивали и инкубировали в воде H₂¹⁸О. Количественное определение продукта проводили с применением масс-спектрометрии MALDI-TOF. Для определения активности фермента и расчета константы Михаэлиса (КМ) использовали метод количественной масс-спектрометрии с меткой ¹⁸О.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. При гидролизе казеина трипсином идентифицированы фрагменты, соответствующие цепям этого белка. Получен изотопно-меченый стандарт, концентрация которого была рассчитана масс-спектрометрически. Определена скорость гидролиза казеина трипсином и рассчитана КМ для трипсина, которая составила 13,65±0,60 мкМ. Стандартное отклонение значений повторных измерений показало, что ошибка измерений оказалась меньше по сравнению со спектрофотометрическим методом, а минимальная установленная чувствительность предложенного метода составила 0,50±0,08 мкМ.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Подтверждена возможность применения метода количественного масс-спектрометрического анализа с меткой ¹⁸О для определения активности ферментов на примере трипсина. Установленная чувствительность позволяет оценивать активность фермента одновременно с определением его подлинности и специфичности. Предложенный подход является универсальным, не требует дорогостоящих материалов и реактивов, а также может быть легко адаптирован для определения активности практически любой протеазы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE</title><p>SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. In the quality control of proteolytic enzyme components of medicinal products, the activity of proteases is determined by spectrophotometry, which involves mea­suring the amidase or esterase activity using a synthetic substrate and the proteolytic activity using the Anson method. These methods require special substrates and have low sensitivity; their specificity may be insufficient, which may lead to serious errors. Quantitative mass spectrometry is an alternative approach to protease activity assays, which involves adding an isotope-labelled peptide to hydrolysates of the test enzyme. This approach allows determining the activity of proteases, notably, by the hydrolysis of specific peptide bonds, while simulta­neously confirming the identity and specificity of the test sample. Quantitative mass spectrometry has high sensitivity and does not require special substrates.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of enzymatic activity assay and enzyme identification by quantitative mass spectrometry with ¹⁸O labelling through an example of trypsin with casein.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used trypsin, casein, and H₂¹⁸O (Izotop, Russia). Peptide separation was performed using an Agilent 1100 HPLC system; mass spectra were obtained using a Bruker Ultraflex II MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer. Quantitative mass spectrometry was performed using a standard peptide, which was obtained from casein by tryptic digestion and HPLC purification. For ¹⁸O labelling, the authors dried the peptide and incubated it in H₂¹⁸О water. The quantitative analysis of the product was carried out using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The authors used quantitative mass spectrometry with ¹⁸O labelling to determine enzymatic activity and calculate the Michaelis constant (KM).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. Following the tryptic digestion of casein, the authors identified the fragments corre­sponding to casein chains. The authors produced the isotope-labelled standard peptide and calculated its concentration using mass spectrometry. The authors determined the rate of casein digestion by trypsin and calculated the KM for trypsin, which was 13.65±0.60 μM. The standard deviation for repeated measurements showed that the mass-spectrometric method had a lower error of measurement than the spectrophotometric method. The sensitivity threshold for the mass-spectrometric method was 0.50±0.08 μM.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. The results obtained with trypsin confirm the possibility of enzymatic activity determination by the proposed method of quantitative mass spectrometry with ¹⁸O labelling. According to the sensitivity evaluation results, this method can be used for the simultaneous determination of enzyme activity, identity, and specificity. The proposed mass spectrometry approach is universal, it does not require expensive materials and reagents, and it can be easily adapted to determine the activity of virtually any protease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>активность фермента</kwd><kwd>контроль качества препаратов ферментов</kwd><kwd>протеаза</kwd><kwd>протеолитическая активность</kwd><kwd>трипсин</kwd><kwd>казеин</kwd><kwd>масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>ВЭЖХ</kwd><kwd>количественная протеомика</kwd><kwd>изотопная метка</kwd><kwd>¹⁸O</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>enzyme activity</kwd><kwd>quality control of enzyme products</kwd><kwd>protease</kwd><kwd>proteolytic activity</kwd><kwd>trypsin</kwd><kwd>casein</kwd><kwd>mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>HPLC</kwd><kwd>quantitative proteomics</kwd><kwd>isotopic labelling</kwd><kwd>¹⁸O</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Программы фундаментальных научных исследований в Российской Федерации на долгосрочный период (2021–2030 годы) (№122030100168-2) с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Протеом человека»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the Program for Basic Research in the Russian Federation for a long-term period (2021–2030) (No. 122030100168-2) using “Human Proteome” Core Facility</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lukasheva EV, Babayeva G, Karshieva SS, Zhdanov DD, Pokrovsky VS. 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