<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2023-23-2-162-172</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-481</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Организационно-методические проблемы производства CAR-T в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Organisational and methodological challenges of CAR-T manufacturing in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9431-8316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроков</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drokov</surname><given-names>M. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дроков Михаил Юрьевич, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Y. Drokov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>4 Novy Zykovsky Dr., Moscow 127167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drokov.m@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-5045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапонова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaponova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гапонова Татьяна Владимировна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Gaponova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>4 Novy Zykovsky Dr., Moscow 127167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gaponova.tatj@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-9744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губенко</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubenko</surname><given-names>T. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Губенко Татьяна Юрьевна</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Y. Gubenko</p><p>4 Novy Zykovsky Dr., Moscow 127167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gubenko.t@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-8210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караваева</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karavaeva</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Караваева Ольга Станиславовна</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Karavaeva</p><p>4 Novy Zykovsky Dr., Moscow 127167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.starikova.1994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7053-7039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теляшов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Telyashov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теляшов Максим Александрович</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim A. Telyashov</p><p>4 Novy Zykovsky Dr., Moscow 127167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ticktackkk@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-4801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антимонов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antimonov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антимонов Антон Сергеевич, канд. юрид. наук</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton S. Antimonov, Cand. Sci. (Law)</p><p>4 Novy Zykovsky Dr., Moscow 127167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antimonov.a@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3481-7476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубков Вадим Вячеславович</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Zubkov</p><p>4 Novy Zykovsky Dr., Moscow 127167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubkov.v@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-3566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паровичникова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parovichnikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паровичникова Елена Николаевна, д-р мед. наук, проф.</p><p>Новый Зыковский проезд, д. 4, Москва, 125167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Parovichnikova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor </p><p>4 Novy Zykovsky Dr., Moscow 127167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">parovichnikova.e@blood.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Hematology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>От традиционных биологических к высокотехнологичным лекарственным препаратам: вопросы разработки и применения</issue-title><elocation-id>162–172</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дроков М.Ю., Гапонова Т.В., Губенко Т.Ю., Караваева О.С., Теляшов М.А., Антимонов А.С., Зубков В.В., Паровичникова Е.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дроков М.Ю., Гапонова Т.В., Губенко Т.Ю., Караваева О.С., Теляшов М.А., Антимонов А.С., Зубков В.В., Паровичникова Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drokov M.Y., Gaponova T.V., Gubenko T.Y., Karavaeva O.S., Telyashov M.A., Antimonov A.S., Zubkov V.V., Parovichnikova E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/481">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/481</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на широкое внедрение в клиническую практику терапии Т-клетками с химерным антигенным рецептором (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell, CAR-T), на территории Российской Федерации данные препараты до сих пор официально не представлены и не используются, в том числе и произведенные промышленным (индустриальным) способом.</p><p>Цель работы — описание текущих проблем, связанных с особенностями производства CAR-T в Российской Федерации, и потенциальных путей их решения.</p><p>Рассмотрены трудности, связанные c регуляторными, юридическими и организационно-методическими аспектами производства CAR-T. Проанализированы расхождения в трактовке понятия CAR-T в национальном и наднациональном праве: как биомедицинского клеточного продукта согласно Федеральному закону от 23.06.2016 № 180-ФЗ «О биомедицинских клеточных продуктах» и как высокотехнологического лекарственного препарата (ВТЛП) согласно Решению Совета Евразийской экономической комиссии от 03.11.2016 № 78 «О Правилах регистрации и экспертизы лекарственных средств для медицинского применения». Подробно рассмотрены трудности на этапе получения исходного биологического материала (невозможность рассматривать пациента как донора биологического материала); на этапе передачи биологического материала для производства CAR-T (невозможность применения национального права); особенности экспорта биологического материала. По мнению авторов статьи, CAR-T следует относить к ВТЛП, активной фармацевтической субстанцией (АФС) которых являются генетически модифицированные аутологичные лимфоциты, а последние должны быть определены как «исходный материал», и к ним должны применяться требования как к исходному материалу для производства АФС, указанные в Решении Совета Евразийской экономической комиссии от 03.11.2016 № 77 «Об утверждении Правил надлежащей производственной практики Евразийского экономического союза». Сделано заключение о необходимости гармонизации национального и наднационального права, что требует формирования экспертных групп, объединяющих врачей-клиницистов, специалистов в области права, представителей профильных ведомств и фармацевтической индустрии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite their widespread clinical implementation, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy products, including those manufactured by industrial processes, are still not legally available or used in the Russian Federation.</p><p>The aim of the study was to describe the current challenges associated with specific aspects of CAR-T manufacturing in the Russian Federation and the potential ways to overcome them.</p><p>This article discusses the regulatory, legal, organisational, and methodological challenges of CAR-T manufacturing. It analyses differences in the interpretation of CAR-T therapy products under national and supranational law. According to Russian Federal Law No. 180-FZ “On Biomedical Cell Products” of 23 June 2016, CAR-T therapy products are considered biomedical cell products. However, according to Decision No. 78 of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission “On the Rules of Marketing Authorisation and Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use” of 3 November 2016, CAR-T therapy products are considered advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). This article provides a detailed overview of the difficulties in obtaining starting biological materials (i.e. the inability to consider the patient as a donor) and transferring the materials for CAR-T manufacturing (i.e. the inapplicability of national law). In addition, this article describes export aspects specific to biological materials. The authors reckon that CAR-T therapy products should be categorised as ATMPs and that the corresponding active pharmaceutical ingredients, genetically modified autologous lymphocytes, should be defined as starting materials. Therefore, genetically modified autologous lymphocytes should be regulated under the requirements for starting materials for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients that are set forth in Decision No. 77 of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission “On the Adoption of the Rules of Good Manufacturing Practice of the Eurasian Economic Union” of 3 November 2016. In conclusion, the authors recognise the need for national and supranational law harmonisation. For this task, it is necessary to establish expert groups that will include clinicians, legal experts, and representatives from the relevant authorities and the pharmaceutical industry.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>CAR-T клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>организационно-методические особенности производства CAR-T</kwd><kwd>Федеральный закон № 180-ФЗ</kwd><kwd>Решение Совета ЕЭК № 78</kwd><kwd>исходный материал</kwd><kwd>индустриальные CAR-T</kwd><kwd>биологический материал для производства CAR-T</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CAR-T cell therapy</kwd><kwd>organisational and methodological aspects of CAR-T manufacturing</kwd><kwd>Federal Law No. 180-FZ</kwd><kwd>Decision No. 78 of Eurasian Economic Commission</kwd><kwd>starting material</kwd><kwd>industrial CAR-T</kwd><kwd>biological material for CAR-T manufacturing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Коллектив авторов выражает благодарность помощнику директора ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского» И.И. Наделяевой, эксперту Всероссийского союза пациентов А.А. Федорову за помощь в подготовке статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors would like to express their gratitude to I.I. Nadelyaeva, Assistant Director of B.V. Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, and to A.A. Fedorov, Expert of the Russian Patients Association, for help in preparing this article.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gökbuget N, Dombret H, Ribera J, Fielding A, Advani A, Bassan R, et al. International reference analysis of outcomes in adults with B-precursor Ph-negative relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2016;101(12):1524–33. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2016.144311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gökbuget N, Dombret H, Ribera J, Fielding A, Advani A, Bassan R, et al. International reference analysis of outcomes in adults with B-precursor Ph-negative relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2016;101(12):1524–33. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2016.144311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crump M, Neelapu S, Farooq U, Van Den Neste E, Kuruvilla J, Westin J, et al. Outcomes in refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from the international SCHOLAR-1 study. Blood. 2017;130(16):1800–08. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-03-769620</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crump M, Neelapu S, Farooq U, Van Den Neste E, Kuruvilla J, Westin J, et al. Outcomes in refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results from the international SCHOLAR-1 study. Blood. 2017;130(16):1800–08. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-03-769620</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang M, Munoz J, Goy A, Locke F, Jacobson C, Hill B, et al. KTE-X19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(14):1331–42. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1914347</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang M, Munoz J, Goy A, Locke F, Jacobson C, Hill B, et al. KTE-X19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(14):1331–42. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1914347</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Böll B, Subklewe M, Bergwelt-Baildon M. Ten things the hematologist wants you to know about CAR-T cells. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1243–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06002-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Böll B, Subklewe M, Bergwelt-Baildon M. Ten things the hematologist wants you to know about CAR-T cells. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1243–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06002-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu B, Song Y, Liu D. Clinical trials of CAR-T cells in China. J Hematol Oncol. 2017;10(1):166. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-017-0535-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu B, Song Y, Liu D. Clinical trials of CAR-T cells in China. J Hematol Oncol. 2017;10(1):166. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-017-0535-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sterner R, Sterner R. CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(4):69. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-021-00459-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sterner R, Sterner R. CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(4):69. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-021-00459-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириченко ЭВ. Экспортный контроль как инструмент поддержания лидерства США в меняющемся мире. Полис. Политические исследования. 2020;20(1):74–88. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2020.01.06</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirichenko EV. Export controls as a tool to maintain US leadership in a changing world. Polis. Political Studies. 2020;20(1):74–88 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2020.01.06</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
