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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2023-23-3-321-332</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-446</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение иммунного ответа к дифтерийному и столбнячному анатоксинам серологическим методом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the immune response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids by the serological methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-6072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаровская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarovskaya</surname><given-names>Е. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комаровская Елена Игоревна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Komarovskaya</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">komarovskaya@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-2692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдатов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солдатов Александр Алексеевич, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Soldatov, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soldatov@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>321</fpage><lpage>332</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комаровская Е.И., Солдатов А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комаровская Е.И., Солдатов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarovskaya Е.I., Soldatov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/446">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/446</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Современные методы оценки иммуногенности дифтерийного и столбнячного анатоксинов разделяют на две группы: золотой стандарт — с введением токсина иммунизированным животным, и серологические методы — определение уровня защитных антител в сыворотке иммунизированных животных. Международные валидационные исследования серологических методов для определения иммуногенности дифтерийного и столбнячного анатоксинов привели к пересмотру соответствующих глав Руководства Всемирной организации здравоохранения, Европейской и Японской фармакопей. В связи с этим некоторые производители вакцин против дифтерии и столбняка заменили методы с введением токсинов на альтернативные серологические методы в оценке иммуногенности.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить пригодность, воспроизводимость и возможность внедрения в отечественную практику альтернативного метода иммуноферментного анализа при определении иммуногенности дифтерийного и столбнячного компонентов комбинированных вакцин с цельноклеточным коклюшным компонентом; изучить возможность использования отечественных стандартных образцов и реактивов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использовали комбинированные вакцины и анатоксины для профилактики дифтерии, дифтерийный токсин, референс-препараты. Определение специфической активности дифтерийного и столбнячного анатоксинов проводили на морских свинках и мышах фармакопейными методами: летального заражения и иммуноферментного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получены сопоставимые результаты оценки специфической активности дифтерийного и столбнячного анатоксинов методами иммуноферментного анализа и летального заражения: 230 МЕ/мл и 264 МЕ/мл, 188 МЕ/мл и 160 МЕ/мл соответственно. Данный серологический метод позволяет использовать одних и тех же особей (в отличие от метода летального заражения) для проверки эффективности нескольких антигенов. Значения титров антител, полученных от каждой особи, при использовании в качестве покрывающих антигенов неадсорбированных дифтерийного и столбнячного анатоксинов отечественного производства оказались сопоставимы с таковыми при использовании в качестве покрывающих антигенов международных стандартов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Показана возможность применения метода иммуноферментного анализа для определения специфической активности дифтерийного и столбнячного анатоксинов в вакцинах против дифтерии и столбняка, содержащих цельноклеточный коклюшный компонент. В качестве покрывающих антигенов возможно использование дифтерийного и столбнячного неадсорбированных анатоксинов отечественного производства. Необходимо продолжить работу по валидации методики иммуноферментного анализа с целью гармонизации отечественных и международных методов оценки иммуногенности дифтерийного и столбнячного анатоксинов, что не только облегчит регистрацию зарубежных вакцин в России, но и ускорит регистрацию отечественных вакцин в других странах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Scientific relevance</title><p>Scientific relevance. Currently, two types of methods are used to evaluate the potency of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids: the gold standard, which involves administering toxins to immunised animals, and serological methods, which involve quantifying protective antibodies in the serum of immunised animals. International validation studies of serological methods for assessing the potency of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids have resulted in revisions to the relevant chapters of the WHO Manual for Quality Control of Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Vaccines, as well as the European, Japanese, and several other pharmacopoeias. Consequently, some diphtheria and tetanus vaccine manufacturers have substituted the potency evaluation methods that require administering toxins to animals with alternative serological methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The study aimed to assess the suitability, reproducibility, and feasibility of an alternative enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA) for assessing the potency of diphtheria and tetanus components of diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines and to determine the possibility of implementing this method in Russia using standards and reagents manufactured in the country.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study used combined vaccines for diphtheria prophylaxis, diphtheria toxin, and reference vaccines. The potency of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids was determined in guinea pigs and mice by the pharmacopoeial lethal challenge method and an alternative ELISA method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. ELISA and lethal challenge methods demonstrated comparable results of potency determination: 230 IU/mL vs 264 IU/mL (diphtheria toxoid), 188 IU/mL vs 160 IU/mL (tetanus toxoid), respectively. As opposed to the lethal challenge, the serological method allows testing the efficacy of several antigens in the same animals. The study showed the possibility of using purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoids manufactured in Russia as coating antigens. The authors obtained comparable antibody titres for each animal, using plates coated with international standards and Russian-made diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The authors demonstrated the possibility of using ELISA to determine the potency of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in DTwP vaccines. Moreover, the study demonstrated the suitability of Russian purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoids as coating antigens. Researchers should continue working on enzyme immunoassay validation with a view to harmonising national and international methods for assessing the potency of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccines, as these efforts will not only facilitate the registration of foreign vaccines in Russia but also accelerate the approval of Russian vaccines in other countries.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дифтерийный и столбнячный анатоксины</kwd><kwd>оценка иммуногенности</kwd><kwd>альтернативный метод оценки</kwd><kwd>метод иммуноферментного анализа</kwd><kwd>серологический тест ИФА</kwd><kwd>вакцина против дифтерии</kwd><kwd>вакцина против столбняка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diphtheria and tetanus toxoids</kwd><kwd>alternative immunogenicity assay</kwd><kwd>enzyme immunoassay</kwd><kwd>serological enzyme immunoassay</kwd><kwd>ELISA</kwd><kwd>diphtheria vaccine</kwd><kwd>tetanus vaccine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00052-23-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 121022000147-4).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study reported in this publication was carried out as part of publicly funded research project No. 056-00052-23-00 and was supported by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products (R&amp;D public accounting No. 121022000147-4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stickings P, Rigsby P, Coombes L, Hockley J, Tierney R, Sesardic D. 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