biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2022-22-3-249-265biopreparat-413Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПерспективные направления разработки вакцинных препаратов для профилактики шигеллезаPromising directions for vaccine development to prevent shigellosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-1303АбрамцеваМ. В.AbramtsevaM. V.

Абрамцева Марина Витальевна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Marina V. Abramtseva

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Abramtceva@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2604-6379НемановаЕ. О.NemanovaE. O.

Неманова Екатерина Олеговна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Ekaterina O. Nemanova

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Nemanova@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-4887АлехинаН. С.AlekhinaN. S.

Алехина Наталья Сергеевна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Natalia S. Alekhina

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

NAlehina@expmed.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian Federation202210102022223249265Copyright © Абрамцева М.В., Неманова Е.О., Алехина Н.С., 20222022Абрамцева М.В., Неманова Е.О., Алехина Н.С.Abramtseva M.V., Nemanova E.O., Alekhina N.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/413

Шигеллез (бактериальная дизентерия) — острое инфекционное заболевание, вызываемое возбудителями Shigellа spp. семейства Enterobacteriaceae, характеризуется наибольшим показателем смертности населения от бактериальных кишечных инфекций. Значительная доля случаев заболевания приходится на детей в возрасте до 5 лет. В 2017 г. штаммы Shigellа spp. были включены в опубликованный ВОЗ список устойчивых к действию большинства антибиотиков «приоритетных патогенов», представляющих угрозу мировому здравоохранению, что послужило стимулом к разработке новых противомикробных препаратов для терапии шигеллезов. Наряду с созданием антимикробных средств против Shigellа spp. важную роль в борьбе с шигеллезами играет комплекс превентивных мер, изложенный в программе иммунизации ВОЗ 2030, в который, помимо санитарии, гигиены и потребления чистой воды, входит вакцинация. Разработка вакцины против шигеллеза остается одним из приоритетных направлений программы ВОЗ уже более 20 лет. Цель работы — анализ перспективных направлений разработки вакцинных препаратов против шигеллеза. Проведенный анализ данных литературы показал, что в настоящее время на мировом рынке зарегистрирована только одна вакцина против шигеллеза — российская вакцина Шигеллвак, полисахаридная дизентерийная вакцина против шигелл Зонне. Рассмотрен ряд вакцинных препаратов (цельноклеточные, полисахаридные конъюгированные и неконъюгированные, препараты на основе белковых антигенов и др.), находящихся на различных этапах клинических испытаний. Отмечено, что важным направлением является создание комбинированных мультивалентных препаратов против инфекций, вызываемых Shigellа spp. и другими кишечными патогенами. Сделан вывод о том, что наиболее перспективными являются разработки субъединичных вакцин на основе Ipa-белков, обеспечивающих перекрестную защиту против Shigellа spp., а также конъюгированных поливалентных вакцин, предназначенных для детей в возрасте до 5 лет.

Shigellosis (bacterial dysentery) is an acute infectious disease caused by Shigella spp., members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The disease has the highest mortality rate amongst bacterial enteric infections. A considerable proportion of Shigella infections occur in children under the age of five. In 2017, WHO included Shigella spp. strains into the list of “priority pathogens” that are resistant to most antibiotics and pose a threat to global public health. This provided a stimulus for the development of new antibiotics to treat shigellosis. Apart from the creation of new antimicrobial therapies for Shigella infections, an important role in fighting against shigellosis belongs to the preventative measures set out in WHO’s Immunisation Agenda 2030. These include sanitation, hygiene, consumption of clean water, and vaccination. The development of Shigella vaccines has been a priority of the WHO programme for more than 20 years. The aim of the study was to analyse promising approaches to Shigella vaccine development. According to the analysis of literature, only one vaccine against shigellosis has been approved so far—Shigellvac, the Russian polysaccharide dysentery vaccine against Shigella sonnei. This study covers a number of vaccine candidates (whole-cell, polysaccharide, polysaccharide conjugate, protein antigen-based vaccines, etc.) that are at different stages of clinical trials. The importance of researching combination (multivalent) vaccines against Shigellа spp. and other enteric pathogens is noted. However, the authors consider subunit vaccines based on Ipa proteins, providing broad cross-protection against Shigellа spp., and conjugate polyvalent vaccines for children under 5 the most promising for further development.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.