biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2021-21-3-158-166biopreparat-373Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСравнительная характеристика вакцин против COVID-19, используемых при проведении массовой иммунизацииComparative characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines used for mass immunisationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-7258ОнищенкоГ. Г.OnishchenkoG. G.

Онищенко Геннадий Григорьевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН

Трубецкая ул., д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991

Gennadiy G. Onishchenko, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of RAS

8/2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-0126СизиковаТ. Е.SizikovaT. E.

Сизикова Татьяна Евгеньевна, кандидат биологических наук

ул. Октябрьская, д. 11, Сергиев Посад-6, Московская область, 141306

Tatyana E. Sizikova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

11 Oktyabr’skaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow Region 141306

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-4599ЛебедевВ. Н.LebedevV. N.

Лебедев Виталий Николаевич, доктор биологических наук, профессор

ул. Октябрьская, д. 11, Сергиев Посад-6, Московская область, 141306

Vitaliy N. Lebedev, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor

11 Oktyabr’skaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow Region 141306

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919БорисевичС. В.BorisevichS. V.

Борисевич Сергей Владимирович, доктор биологических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН

ул. Октябрьская, д. 11, Сергиев Посад-6, Московская область, 141306

Sergey V. Borisevich, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Corr. Member of RAS

11 Oktyabr’skaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow Region 141306

48cnii@mil.ruФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия48 Central Scientific Research InstituteRussian Federation202102102021213158166Copyright © Онищенко Г.Г., Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 20212021Онищенко Г.Г., Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.Onishchenko G.G., Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/373

Пандемия начавшегося в декабре 2019 г. в КНР нового коронавирусного заболевания COVID-19 продолжает оказывать огромное воздействие на все сферы деятельности человечества. Коллективный иммунитет, являющийся наиболее эффективным средством предотвращения распространения заболевания, формируется двумя путями — пассивным (формирование невосприимчивого к повторному инфицированию контингента вследствие естественного распространения заболевания) и активным (массовая вакцинация населения). Высокие темпы вакцинации против COVID-19 стали возможны благодаря разработке и массовому производству новых вакцин. Выбор наиболее перспективных платформ для конструирования вакцин является одним из ключевых аспектов проведения успешной массовой вакцинации. Цель работы — сравнительная характеристика вакцин против COVID-19, используемых при проведении массовой иммунизации. В статье рассмотрены технологические платформы, лежащие в основе производства вакцин, эффективность разных типов вакцин по результатам клинических исследований, безопасность вакцин для различных групп населения, а также перспективы расширения производства вакцин для обеспечения необходимого объема вакцинации. В настоящее время в перечень вакцин, уже используемых для проведения массовой иммунизации входят следующие препараты: BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA1273 (Moderna), Гам-КОВИД-Вак (НИЦЭМ им. Н. Ф. Гамалеи), Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson), ChAdOx1-S (AZD1222) (AstraZeneca), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) и NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax). Сравнение вакцин, проведенное по основным показателям, показало, что наиболее перспективными типами вакцин для специфической профилактики COVID-19 являются РНК-вакцины и векторные рекомбинантные вакцины на основе аденовирусов.

The pandemic of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) disease that began in December 2019 in China is still having a huge impact on all spheres of human life. The herd immunity, which is the most effective tool for preventing the spread of the disease, is formed in two ways: the passive way (i.e., the formation of a population not susceptible to re-infection due to the natural spread of the disease) and the active way (mass immunisation). High rates of COVID-19 vaccination were achieved thanks to the development and mass production of new vaccines. The selection of the most promising vaccine platforms is one of the key aspects of successful mass immunisation. The aim of the study was to compare the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines used for mass immunisation. The paper analyses the vaccine technology platforms, efficacy of different types of vaccines based on clinical trial results, safety of vaccines for different population groups, and potential for scaling up vaccine production in order to ensure the necessary vaccination coverage. The vaccines currently used for mass immunisation are: BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA1273 (Moderna), Gam-COVID-Vac (N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology), Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson), ChAdOx1-S (AZD1222) (AstraZeneca), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech), and NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax). The comparison of the main characteristics of the vaccines demonstrated that the most promising types of vaccines for COVID-19 specific prophylaxis are RNA vaccines and recombinant adenovirus vector-based vaccines.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.