biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2021-21-4-225-233biopreparat-355Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСравнительная характеристика существующих платформ для создания вакцин против опасных и особо опасных вирусных инфекций, обладающих пандемическим потенциаломComparative analysis of existing platforms for the development of vaccines against dangerous and extremely dangerous viral infections with pandemic potentialhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-7258ОнищенкоГ. Г.OnishchenkoG. G.

Онищенко Геннадий Григорьевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН

Трубецкая ул., д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991

Gennadiy G. Onishchenko, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of RAS

8/2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-0126СизиковаТ. Е.SizikovaT. E.

Сизикова Татьяна Евгеньевна, кандидат биологических наук

ул. Октябрьская, д. 11, Сергиев Посад-6, Московская область, 141306

Tatyana E. Sizikova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

11 Oktyabr’skaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow Region 141306

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-4599ЛебедевВ. Н.LebedevV. N.

Лебедев Виталий Николаевич, доктор биологических наук, профессор

ул. Октябрьская, д. 11, Сергиев Посад-6, Московская область, 141306

Vitaliy N. Lebedev, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor

11 Oktyabr’skaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow Region 141306

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919БорисевичС. В.BorisevichS. V.

Борисевич Сергей Владимирович, доктор биологических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН

ул. Октябрьская, д. 11, Сергиев Посад-6, Московская область, 141306

Sergey V. Borisevich, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Corr. Member of RAS

11 Oktyabr’skaya St., Sergiev Posad-6, Moscow Region 141306

48cnii@mil.ruФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссия48 Central Scientific Research InstituteRussian Federation202119102021214225233Copyright © Онищенко Г.Г., Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 20212021Онищенко Г.Г., Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.Onishchenko G.G., Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/355

Спонтанное появление более вирулентных для человека штаммов возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний, способствующих трансмиссии патогенных микроорганизмов изменения окружающей среды, социально-экономические факторы, возрастание уровня контактов между различными регионами являются основными причинами возникновения новых инфекционных заболеваний, в том числе обладающих пандемическим потенциалом. Для успешной борьбы с пандемией необходимо проведение массовой вакцинации против соответствующей нозологической формы инфекции, направленной на активное формирование коллективного иммунитета, в основе которого лежит непрямая защита человеческой популяции в целом, при иммунизации определенной ее части. Обоснованный выбор платформы для разработки вакцины является важным звеном решения данной задачи. Цель работы — сравнительная характеристика платформ для создания вакцин (аттенуированных, инактивированных, субъединичных, векторных рекомбинантных вакцин, ДНК- и РНК-вакцин), предназначенных для проведения массовой иммунизации против опасных и особо опасных вирусных инфекций, обладающих пандемическим потенциалом. В качестве возможных возбудителей таких инфекций рассмотрены представители семейств Poxviridae, Orthomyxoviridae и Coronaviridae. Проведено сравнение платформ для создания вакцин по следующим показателям: возможность формирования полноценного иммунного ответа; защитная эффективность; время, необходимое для проведения разработки и испытания вакцин; возможность производства объемов вакцины, необходимых для проведения массовой иммунизации; возможные препятствия при использовании вакцин по целевому назначению. Предполагается, что в ближайшие десятилетия приоритетными вакцинными платформами для создания защитных препаратов против опасных и особо опасных вирусных инфекций с пандемическим потенциалом, независимо от таксономической принадлежности их возбудителей, станут ДНК- или РНК-вакцины.

The main triggers of new infectious diseases, including those with pandemic potential, are: spontaneous emergence of infectious strains which are more virulent for humans and contribute to transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, environmental changes, social and economic factors, increased contact rates between different regions. A successful pandemic response requires mass immunisation against a specific disease, aimed at the development of herd immunity which is based on the concept of indirect protection of the whole of the population by immunising a part of it. A well-grounded choice of the vaccine platform is central to dealing with this problem. The aim of the study was to compare characteristics of vaccine platforms (attenuated, inactivated, subunit, recombinant vector, DNA, and RNA vaccines) intended for mass immunisation against dangerous and extremely dangerous viral infections with pandemic potential. The study focused on the members of Poxviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Coronaviridae families as potential pathogens. The vaccine platforms were compared in terms of the following parameters: capability of producing a robust immune response; protective efficacy; time required for vaccine development and testing; ability to produce vaccine in volumes required for mass immunisation; potential obstacles associated with the intended use of the vaccine. It is expected that in the next few decades DNA and RNA vaccine platforms will be most widely used for development of products against dangerous and extremely dangerous viral infections with pandemic potential, regardless of taxonomic groups of pathogens.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.