biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2021-21-1-20-30biopreparat-330Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОбщая характеристика адъювантов и механизм их действия (часть 2)General characteristics of adjuvants and their mechanisms of action (part 2)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-508XАлпатоваН. А.AlpatovaN. А.

Алпатова Наталья Александровна, доктор биологических наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Natalia А. Alpatova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Alpatova@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-1378АвдееваЖ. И.AvdeevaZh. I.

Авдеева Жанна Ильдаровна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Zhanna I. Avdeeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

avdeeva@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-8972ЛысиковаС. Л.LysikovaS. L.

Лысикова Светлана Леонидовна, кандидат медицинских наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Svetlana L. Lysikova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Lisikova@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6966-9859ГоловинскаяО. В.GolovinskayaO. V.

Головинская Ольга Вячеславовна, кандидат медицинских наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Olga V. Golovinskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Golovinskaya@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6176-5934ГайдероваЛ. А.GayderovaL. A.

Гайдерова Лидия Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Lidia A. Gayderova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Gaiderova@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6472-6386БондаревВ. П.BondarevV. P.

Бондарев Владимир Петрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Vladimir P. Bondarev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Bondarev@expmed.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian Federation2021040220212112030Copyright © Алпатова Н.А., Авдеева Ж.И., Лысикова С.Л., Головинская О.В., Гайдерова Л.А., Бондарев В.П., 20212021Алпатова Н.А., Авдеева Ж.И., Лысикова С.Л., Головинская О.В., Гайдерова Л.А., Бондарев В.П.Alpatova N.А., Avdeeva Z.I., Lysikova S.L., Golovinskaya O.V., Gayderova L.A., Bondarev V.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/330

Одна из основных задач здравоохранения в настоящее время заключается в разработке новых вакцин и технологий, которые оптимизируют процесс вакцинации. Растет научный интерес к адъювантам вакцин, усиливающим их иммуногенность. В настоящий момент проводятся многочисленные исследования по разработке вакцин для профилактики COVID-19, в том числе инактивированных и субъединичных вакцин, в состав которых для эффективной индукции иммунного ответа и формирования напряженного иммунитета включаются адъюванты.

Цель работы – систематизация данных литературы по анализу структуры, механизмов действия и стимулирующих свойств адъювантов вакцин (синтетические олигодезоксинуклеотиды, виросомы, полиоксидоний, совидон), а также обобщение данных об эффектах адъювантов, используемых в исследованиях по разработке вакцин против коронавирусов SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV и SARS-CoV-2. Освещены сведения о перспективах усиления стимулирующего действия рассматриваемых адъювантов при их использовании в комбинации с соединениями с иным механизмом действия. Проанализированы выводы по результатам исследований по разработке адъювантных вакцин против вирусов SARS-CoV и MERS-CoV, которые могут быть полезными при выборе адъювантов с оптимальным профилем эффективности и безопасности для разрабатываемых вакцин против SARS-CoV-2. Сделан вывод о том, что понимание механизмов действия адъювантов, опосредующих их стимулирующее влияние на иммунную систему организма, будет способствовать безопасному и эффективному использованию адъювантов для усиления иммуногенности как ранее зарегистрированных, так и новых вакцин.

One of the major public health challenges today is development of new vaccines and technologies to optimize the vaccination process. There is a growing scientific interest in vaccine adjuvants that enhance vaccine immunogenicity. At present, numerous studies are underway to develop COVID-19 vaccines, including inactivated and subunit vaccines which contain adjuvants for efficient induction of immune response and solid immunity. The aim of the study was to systematise literature related to the analysis of the structure, mechanisms of action and stimulating properties of vaccine adjuvants (synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, virosomes, polyoxidonium, sovidone), as well as to summarise data on the effects of adjuvants used in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development studies. The paper analyses the prospects for enhancing the stimulating effect of the adjuvants when used in combination with compounds having a different mechanism of action. It also analyses the results of studies of adjuvanted vaccines against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which may be useful when selecting adjuvants with optimal efficacy and safety profiles to be used in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under development. It was concluded that understanding of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants that mediate their stimulating effect on the body’s immune system will contribute to safe and effective use of adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of both authorised and new vaccines.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.