biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2021-21-4-212-224biopreparat-326Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПодходы к оценке качества, проведению доклинических и клинических исследований живых рекомбинантных вирусных векторных вакцинApproaches to quality control, preclinical and clinical studies of live recombinant viral vector vaccineshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-0201ХантимироваЛ. М.KhantimirovaL. M.

Хантимирова Лейсан Маратовна, кандидат биологических наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Leysan M. Khantimirova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Khantimirova@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8080ГоренковД. В.GorenkovD. V.

Горенков Дмитрий Витальевич

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Dmitry V. Gorenkov

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

gorenkov@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7341-101XГусеваС. Г.GusevaS. G.

Гусева Светлана Геннадиевна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Svetlana G. Guseva

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Guseva@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-973XМеркуловВ. А.MerkulovV. A.

Меркулов Вадим Анатольевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051Трубецкая ул., д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991

Vadim A. Merkulov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 1270518/2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991

merkulov@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-2692СолдатовА. А.SoldatovA. A.

Солдатов Александр Алексеевич, доктор медицинских наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Aleksandr A. Soldatov, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Soldatov@expmed.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)РоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation202112102021214212224Copyright © Хантимирова Л.М., Горенков Д.В., Гусева С.Г., Меркулов В.А., Солдатов А.А., 20212021Хантимирова Л.М., Горенков Д.В., Гусева С.Г., Меркулов В.А., Солдатов А.А.Khantimirova L.M., Gorenkov D.V., Guseva S.G., Merkulov V.A., Soldatov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/326

На сегодняшний день имеются лишь ограниченные данные об опыте клинического применения живых рекомбинантных вирусных векторных вакцин. В требованиях (рекомендациях) к оценке качества, проведению доклинических и клинических исследований должны учитываться особенности вакцин нового типа с целью дальнейшей оценки соотношения «польза–риск». Цель работы — анализ современных подходов к оценке качества, проведению доклинических и клинических исследований живых рекомбинантных вирусных векторных вакцин. В статье представлен обзор зарегистрированных и находящихся на различных этапах клинических исследований живых вирусных векторных вакцин. Проведен анализ нормативных документов, касающихся вопросов качества, доклинических и клинических исследований живых вирусных векторных вакцин в Российской Федерации, странах Европейского союза, США и Японии. Установлено, что регуляторные требования к живым рекомбинантным вирусным векторным вакцинам включают оценку подробного обоснования разработки вакцины, в том числе информацию о выборе вектора, источнике происхождения гена (генов) гетерологичного антигена и элементов, имеющих отношение к экспрессии трансгена (трансгенов), оценку генетической и фенотипической стабильности рекомбинантного вируса, риска реверсии вирулентности или рекомбинации со штаммами дикого вируса, оценку возможности интеграции генома вируса в хромосому клетки-хозяина, оценку предсуществующего иммунитета к вектору, оценку напряженности иммунного ответа, вызываемого вектором, и возможности его повторного применения. От перечисленных требований зависит выбор и число различных применимых токсикологических и фармакологических моделей для исследований вакцин. Результаты анализа подходов к оценке качества, проведению доклинических и клинических исследований живых рекомбинантных вирусных векторных вакцин могут быть полезны при разработке гармонизированных с международными нормами руководств в сфере обращения лекарственных средств в Российской Федерации.

At present, there are not much data on the clinical use of live recombinant viral vector vaccines. Characteristics of new vaccines should be factored into requirements/recommendations for quality control, preclinical and clinical studies of vaccines in order to enable further risk/benefit assessment. The aim of this study was to analyse current approaches to quality control, preclinical and clinical studies of live recombinant viral vector vaccines. The paper provides an overview of the licensed live viral vector vaccines and those at various stages of clinical trials. The authors analysed Russian, European, American, and Japanese guidelines related to quality issues, preclinical and clinical studies of live viral vector vaccines. The analysis demonstrated that the regulatory requirements for live recombinant viral vector vaccines include assessment of a detailed rationale for vaccine development, including information on the choice of the vector, the origin of the heterologous antigen gene(s), elements related to the transgene(s) expression, as well as assessment of the genetic and phenotypic stability of the recombinant virus, the risk of reversion to virulence or recombination with wild type strains, the potential for virus genome integration into the host cell chromosome, the pre-existing immunity to the vector, the intensity of the immune response elicited by the vector, and the reusability of the vector. The choice and number of applicable toxicological and pharmacological models will depend on these aspects. The results of the analysis of approaches to quality control, preclinical and clinical studies of live recombinant viral vector vaccines may be used in the development of Russian regulatory guidelines harmonised with the international norms and regulations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.