biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2021-21-2-85-96biopreparat-315Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSБрюшнотифозные вакцины. История создания и современные вакцинные препаратыTyphoid vaccines. Historical aspects of typhoid vaccine development, and currently available productshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-1303АбрамцеваМ. В.AbramtsevaM. V.

Абрамцева Марина Витальевна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Marina V. Abramtseva

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Abramtceva@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2604-6379НемановаЕ. О.NemanovaE. O.

Неманова Екатерина Олеговна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Ekaterina O. Nemanova

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Nemanova@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-4887АлехинаН. С.AlekhinaN. S.

Алехина Наталья Сергеевна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Natalia S. Alekhina

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

NAlehina@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0848-7306НемировскаяТ. И.NemirovskayaT. I.

Немировская Татьяна Ивановна, кандидат медицинских наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Tatyana I. Nemirovskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.).

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Nemirovskaya@expmed.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian Federation2021090320212128596Copyright © Абрамцева М.В., Неманова Е.О., Алехина Н.С., Немировская Т.И., 20212021Абрамцева М.В., Неманова Е.О., Алехина Н.С., Немировская Т.И.Abramtseva M.V., Nemanova E.O., Alekhina N.S., Nemirovskaya T.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/315

Брюшной тиф — острое инфекционное заболевание, вызываемое возбудителем Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica серотип Typhi (S. Typhi), по-прежнему является одной из основных причин заболеваемости населения в эндемичных экономически средне- и слаборазвитых странах Азии и Африки. Индустриальные страны могут быть подвержены вспышкам брюшного тифа ввиду стремительно развивающегося международного туризма, а также стихийных бедствий. В условиях прогрессирующей резистентности S. Typhi к антимикробным препаратам, высокой эпидемиологической нагрузки и невозможности обеспечения удовлетворительных санитарно-гигиенических условий в ряде регионов, наряду с внедрением новых протоколов лечения заболевания, актуальной задачей мирового здравоохранения является развитие вакцинопрофилактики брюшного тифа. Цель работы — освещение основных аспектов истории создания брюшнотифозных вакцин, систематизация данных о лицензированных вакцинных препаратах и перспективных направлениях разработки новых вакцин. В статье описана эпидемиологическая картина брюшного тифа в мире и в Российской Федерации. Изложен мировой опыт создания вакцинных препаратов от момента получения убитой брюшнотифозной вакцины до этапа производства конъюгированных вакцин. Приведена информация об отечественных и зарубежных вакцинах, представленных на мировом фармацевтическом рынке. Обозначены основные тенденции в сфере разработки вакцинных препаратов против заболевания, вызываемого S. Typhi. Сделан вывод о необходимости повышения эффективности ранее разработанных вакцин, а также создания новых, комбинированных вакцинных препаратов против брюшного тифа.

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), which is still extremely common in endemic low- and middle-income countries of Asia and Africa. Industrialised countries may also be affected by typhoid fever outbreaks due to booming international tourism, and natural disasters. Given S. Typhi progressive resistance to antibiotics, high epidemiological burden, and lack of adequate sanitation and hygiene in a number of regions, the introduction of new treatment protocols and the improvement of preventive vaccination are critical tasks in global healthcare. The aim of the study was to highlight the main historical aspects of the typhoid vaccine development, to summarise data on the licensed vaccines and promising approaches to the development of new typhoid vaccines. The paper describes the current epidemiological situation of typhoid fever globally and in the Russian Federation. It dwells upon the global experience in typhoid vaccine development from the production of an inactivated vaccine to the development of conjugated vaccines. The paper summarises data on Russian and foreign-made typhoid fever vaccines currently available in the global pharmaceutical market. It outlines the main trends in the development of vaccines against the disease caused by S. Typhi. The paper demonstrates the need for improving the efficacy of existing vaccines and development of new typhoid combination vaccines.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.