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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2221-996X-2021-21-1-31-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-302</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современная ситуация по заболеваемости отдельными клостридиальными инфекциями: газовая гангрена и столбняк</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current incidence of certain clostridial infections: gas gangrene and tetanus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-6072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаровская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarovskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комаровская Елена Игоревна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Komarovskaya</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Komarovskaya@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-3751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перелыгина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelygina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перелыгина Ольга Викторовна, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Perelygina, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Pereligina@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комаровская Е.И., Перелыгина О.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комаровская Е.И., Перелыгина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarovskaya E.I., Perelygina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/302">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/302</self-uri><abstract><p>Клостридиальный мионекроз, или газовая гангрена (мионекроз), и столбняк в современном мире относительно редкие, но серьезные заболевания с неблагоприятным прогнозом и высокой смертностью. Опасные для жизни инфекции, вызываемые бактериями рода Clostridium, на протяжении сотен лет были известны и описаны, поскольку они отличались от других инфекций по характерным клиническим проявлениям, сложностью терапии и профилактики. Цель работы – провести аналитический обзор заболеваемости газовой гангреной и столбняком в мире, проанализировать проблемы профилактики и лечения этих заболеваний. Обзор современных источников научной литературы продемонстрировал, что газовая гангрена продолжает оставаться проблемой из-за молниеносного течения и сложностей терапии. Выделяют две основные формы заболевания: травматическую и спонтанную. Виды C. perfringens, С. septicum, C. novyi (oedematiens) и С. histolyticum являются наиболее частыми возбудителями травматической газовой гангрены. Заболеваемость резко возрастает во время войн, природных катаклизмов и других массовых бедствий. Анализ данных литературы показал, что за последние 40 лет возросла частота спонтанной газовой гангрены, вызванной C. septicum, у людей с ослабленной иммунной системой, у потребителей инъекционных наркотиков и у женщин при проведении им различных гинекологических процедур, а также при естественных родах. При этом, несмотря на эффективность программы иммунизации против столбняка, инфекция остается распространенным явлением в странах с недостаточным охватом иммунизацией. Высокий риск столбняка в развитых странах отмечен среди пожилых непривитых или частично привитых людей, среди потребителей инъекционных наркотиков, а также людей, сознательно отказывающихся от вакцинации. В статье приведены некоторые клинические случаи заболеваний газовой гангреной и столбняком, демонстрирующие проблемы, связанные с трудностями диагностики и лечения, недостаточностью знаний персонала первичного звена об особенностях развития анаэробных инфекций, антипрививочным движением.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene (myonecrosis) and tetanus are relatively rare nowadays, but they are still considered serious conditions associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Life-threatening infections caused by Clostridium species have been known and studied for centuries, as they differed from other infections in terms of typical clinical manifestations, challenges of therapy and prevention. The aim of the study was to analyse the global incidence of gas gangrene and tetanus and challenges of prevention and treatment of these diseases. The review of up-to-date scientific literature demonstrated that gas gangrene continues to be a problem due to its rapid progression and challenging treatment. There are two main forms of the disease—traumatic and spontaneous. Traumatic gas gangrene is usually caused by C. perfringens, C. septicum, C. novyi (oedematiens), or C. histolyticum. Its incidence increases dramatically during wars, natural disasters, and other calamities. The literature review demonstrated that over the past 40 years there has been a rise in the frequency of spontaneous gas gangrene caused by C. septicum in people with compromised immune systems, in injecting drug users, and in women during various gynecological procedures and during normal delivery. Despite the effectiveness of the tetanus immunisation programme, the infection remains widespread in countries with insufficient vaccination coverage. The risk of tetanus in developed countries is high among elderly unvaccinated or partially vaccinated people, among injecting drug users, and vaccine refusers. The paper describes some clinical cases of gas gangrene and tetanus which demonstrate problems associated with challenging diagnosis and treatment, low awareness among primary healthcare personnel about mechanisms of anaerobic infection development, and anti-vaccination movement.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клостридии</kwd><kwd>анаэробная инфекция</kwd><kwd>газовая гангрена</kwd><kwd>мионекроз</kwd><kwd>некротизирующие инфекции</kwd><kwd>столбняк</kwd><kwd>тетаноспазмин</kwd><kwd>раневые инфекции</kwd><kwd>отказ от вакцинации</kwd><kwd>хирургические инфекции кожи и мягких тканей</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clostridia</kwd><kwd>anaerobic infection</kwd><kwd>gas gangrene</kwd><kwd>myonecrosis</kwd><kwd>necrotizing infections</kwd><kwd>tetanus</kwd><kwd>tetanospasmin</kwd><kwd>wound infections</kwd><kwd>vaccination refusal</kwd><kwd>surgical skin and soft-tissue infections</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00005-21-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 121022000147-4).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study reported in this publication was carried out as part of a publicly funded research project No. 056-00005-21-00 and was supported by the FSBI “SCEEMP” of the Ministry of Health of Russia (R&amp;D public accounting No. 121022000147-4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacLennan JD. 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