biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2020-20-2-97-102biopreparat-289Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSНетуберкулезные микобактерииNo ntuberculous Mycobacteriahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2686-0952МакароваМ. В.MakarovaM. V.

ул. Стромынка, д. 10, Москва, 107014

 Marina V. Makarova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.). 

10 Stromynka St., Moscow 107014

makarova75@yandex.ruГунтуповаЛ. Д.GuntupovaL. D.

ул. Стромынка, д. 10, Москва, 107014

Lidiya D. Guntupova, Cand. Sci. (Med.). 

10 Stromynka St., Moscow 107014

guntupov@mail.ruГосударственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Московский научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияThe Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Government Department of HealthRussian Federation20202704202020297102Copyright © Макарова М.В., Гунтупова Л.Д., 20202020Макарова М.В., Гунтупова Л.Д.Makarova M.V., Guntupova L.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/289

К настоящему времени в мире резко возросло количество заболеваний, которые связывают с потенциально патогенными микроорганизмами рода Mycobacterium, но отличающимися по своим характеристикам от микобактерий туберкулеза. Такие бактерии принято называть атипичными или нетуберкулезными микобактериями (НТМБ), а вызываемые ими заболевания — микобактериозами. НТМБ представлены более чем 20 видами широко распространенных в окружающей среде кислотоустойчивых микроорганизмов, не входящих в состав M. tuberculosis complex. Однако значение отдельных видов НТМБ в патологии человека неоднозначно. Цель работы — анализ современного состояния проблемы роста заболеваний, вызываемых нетуберкулезными микобактериями, основных направлений исследований по ранней диагностике микобактериозов, идентификации и изучению лекарственной чувствительности данных микроорганизмов. В статье приведены современные представления о видовых различиях НТМБ, их распространенности и патогенности для человека и животных. Проведен анализ основных мероприятий, направленных на диагностику и лечение заболеваний, вызываемых НТМБ. Приведены результаты исследования чувствительности/ устойчивости НТМБ к противотуберкулезным препаратам. Диагностика микобактериозов остается крайне затруднительной, в первую очередь из-за сходства клинико-рентгенологической картины с таковой при туберкулезе. Выявление множественной и широкой лекарственной устойчивости НТМБ к большинству противотуберкулезных препаратов затрудняет лечение вызываемого ими заболевания. В связи с увеличением частоты и распространенности микобактериозов у людей во всем мире, трудностями дифференциальной диагностики, выявлением широкой лекарственной устойчивости НТМБ дальнейшее изучение различных аспектов данного заболевания является особенно важным и актуальным. 

There has been a sharp increase in the number of diseases associated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium, which differ from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria are known as atypical mycobacteria or nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), and the diseases they cause are called mycobacteriosis. NTMs include more than 20 species of acid-resistant microorganisms that are widespread in the environment and that are not members of the M. tuberculosis complex. However, the role of certain types of NTMs in the pathogenesis of human diseases is rather ambiguous. The aim of the paper was to analyse the current rise in the incidence of NTM diseases, as well as the main areas of research on early diagnosis of mycobacteriosis and the detection and testing of drug susceptibility of these microorganisms. The paper summarises current views on NTM species differences, their prevalence and pathogenicity for humans and animals. The authors analysed the main efforts aimed at diagnosis and treatment of NTM diseases. The paper cites the results of the study of NTM susceptibility/resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. The diagnosis of mycobacteriosis remains extremely difficult, mainly because of the similarity of the clinico-radiological evidence with that of tuberculosis. Detection of NTM multiple and extensive drug resistance to the majority of anti-tuberculosis drugs complicates the treatment of the NTM disease. Further study of various aspects of NTM diseases is especially important given the increase in the incidence and prevalence of mycobacteriosis all over the world, challenging differential diagnosis, and detection of NTM extensive drug resistance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.