biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2020-20-2-82-88biopreparat-278Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSАктуальные направления применения клеточной терапии в регенеративной медицинеCurrent Trends in the Use of Cell Therapy in Regenerative Medicinehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-4658ЧапленкоА. А.ChaplenkoA. A.

Чапленко Александр Андреевич

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Aleksandr A. Chaplenko

 

a.a.chaplenko@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8222-0805ХорольскийМ. Д.KhorolskyM. D.

Хорольский Михаил Дмитриевич

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

 Mikhail D. Khorolsky

 

khorolsky@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-3545МельниковаЕ. В.MelnikovaE. V.

Мельникова Екатерина Валерьевна, канд. биол. наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Ekaterina V. Melnikova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.). 

 

MelnikovaEV@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-973XМеркуловВ. А.MerkulovV. A.

Меркулов Вадим Анатольевич, д-р мед. наук, проф.

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Vadim A. Merkulov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

 

merkulov@expmed.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2020100420202028288Copyright © Чапленко А.А., Хорольский М.Д., Мельникова Е.В., Меркулов В.А., 20202020Чапленко А.А., Хорольский М.Д., Мельникова Е.В., Меркулов В.А.Chaplenko A.A., Khorolsky M.D., Melnikova E.V., Merkulov V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/278

Клеточная терапия является ключевым инструментом регенеративной медицины, и вплоть до 2010 года продукты на основе жизнеспособных клеток человека применялись преимущественно для восстановления поврежденных тканей и органов. В настоящее время сфера применения биомедицинских клеточных продуктов значительно расширилась, однако интерес исследователей к использованию клеток в регенеративной медицине остается стабильно высоким. В зависимости от типа ткани и патологии уровень разработки клеточных продуктов значительно отличается: от доклинических и пилотных клинических исследований до зарегистрированных препаратов с многолетним опытом применения. Данный факт, с одной стороны, может быть связан с методологическими особенностями производства и применения клеточных продуктов, с другой — с особенностями дифференцировки типов клеток, используемых в регенеративной медицине, прежде всего мезенхимальных стволовых клеток. Цель работы — анализ современных направлений использования клеточной терапии в регенеративной медицине и перспектив применения существующих технологий. Представлены основные достижения использования клеточной терапии в регенерации кожи, костно-хрящевого аппарата, нервной и сердечно-сосудистой систем. Ключевые механизмы лечебного действия клеточной терапии обусловлены, с одной стороны, потенциалом мультипотентных клеток к дифференцировке, с другой — комплексным (иммуномодулирующим, ангиогенным, пролиферативным) действием экспрессируемого протеома вводимых клеток. Для каждого из показаний описаны зарегистрированные в настоящее время продукты на основе жизнеспособных клеток человека и проанализирован их уровень применения в клинической практике. Перспективным представляется использование в регенеративной медицине разработанных технологий направленной дифференцировки, а также применение индуцированных плюрипотентных клеток. 

Cell therapy is a key tool of regenerative medicine, but until the beginning of the last decade, products based on viable human cells were used primarily to repair damaged tissues and organs. Currently, the field of application of biomedical cell products has expanded significantly, but researchers still show considerable interest in the use of human cells in regenerative medicine. The stage of development of cell products varies significantly depending on the type of tissue and pathology, and ranges from preclinical and pilot clinical trials to authorised drugs with a long history of use. On the one hand, this may be attributed to methodological differences in the production and use of cell products, and on the other, to specific aspects of differentiation of cell types used in regenerative medicine, primarily mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to analyse current trends in the use of cell therapy in regenerative medicine and prospects for using available technologies. The paper summarises the main achievements in the use of cell therapy for regeneration of skin, bone and cartilage, nervous and cardiovascular systems. The key mechanisms of cell therapy effect are determined, on the one hand, by the differentiation potential of multipotent cells, and on the other, by the complex (immunomodulating, angiogenic, proliferative) action of the proteome expressed by the administered cells. The paper describes viable cell-based products currently authorised for each indication, and analyses the level of their clinical use. It might be promising to use directed cell differentiation technologies, as well as induced pluripotent cells in regenerative medicine.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.