biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2020-20-1-6-20biopreparat-274Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSВспышка нового инфекционного заболевания COVID-19: β-коронавирусы как угроза глобальному здравоохранениюAn Outbreak of a New Infectious Disease COVID-19: β-coronaviruses as a Threat to Global Healthcarehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8080ГоренковД. В.GorenkovD. V.

Горенков Дмитрий ВитальевичПетровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Dmitry V. Gorenkov

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

gorenkov@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-0201ХантимироваЛ. М.KhantimirovaL. M.

Хантимирова Лейсан Маратовна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Leysan M. Khantimirova

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Khantimirova@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-2890ШевцовВ. А.ShevtsovV. A.

Шевцов Владимир Александрович, канд. мед. наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Vladimir A. Shevtsov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Shevtsov@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-2040РукавишниковА. В.RukavishnikovA. V.

Рукавишников Андрей Владимирович, канд. биол. наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Andrey V. Rukavishnikov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

Rukavishnikov@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-973XМеркуловВ. А.MerkulovV. A.

Меркулов Вадим Анатольевич, д-р мед. наук, проф.

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051, 

Трубецкая ул., д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991

Vadim A. Merkulov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

8/2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991,

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

merkulov@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-4642ОлефирЮ. В.OlefirYu. V.

Олефир Юрий Витальевич, д-р мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051

Yuri V. Olefir, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research Associate

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051

olefir@expmed.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202002032020201620Copyright © Горенков Д.В., Хантимирова Л.М., Шевцов В.А., Рукавишников А.В., Меркулов В.А., Олефир Ю.В., 20202020Горенков Д.В., Хантимирова Л.М., Шевцов В.А., Рукавишников А.В., Меркулов В.А., Олефир Ю.В.Gorenkov D.V., Khantimirova L.M., Shevtsov V.A., Rukavishnikov A.V., Merkulov V.A., Olefir Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/274

Коронавирусы являются самой большой группой из известных РНК-положительных вирусов. Коронавирусная инфекция способна поражать различные виды животных, а также человека. За последние два десятилетия коронавирусы явились причиной эпидемических вспышек двух респираторных заболеваний: ближневосточного респираторного синдрома и тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома. В конце 2019 г. в Китае был выявлен новый вид вируса, способный передаваться от человека к человеку, вызвавший вспышку вирусной пневмонии. Появление нового коронавируса подтверждает, что заболевания, вызываемые данной группой вирусов, являются угрозой для мирового здравоохранения в связи с возможностью возникновения пандемии и нуждаются в тщательном мониторинге. Цель работы – обзор текущей эпидемической ситуации по новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, вызываемой вирусом SARS-CoV-2, с учетом предыдущих вспышек инфекций, вызванных β-коронавирусами MERS-CoV и SARS-CoV, как представляющих наибольшую опасность для человека. В обзоре кратко описаны две эпидемические вспышки, вызванные вирусами SARS-CoV (2002–2004 гг.) и MERS-CoV (2012 г. – настоящее время), представлена текущая эпидемическая ситуация, связанная с новым коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, изложены основные ограничительные мероприятия, предпринимаемые для недопущения распространения инфекции в России. Рассмотрены аспекты возможной специфической терапии и разработки профилактических вакцинных препаратов против новой коронавирусной инфекции. Сделан вывод о возможном пандемическом потенциале вируса SARS-CoV-2 и высокой вероятности возникновения в будущем вспышек инфекций, вызванных новыми штаммами β-коронавирусов. Указано на необходимость осуществления тщательного мониторинга заболевания и проведения превентивных противоэпидемических мероприятий для сдерживания распространения инфекции.

Coronaviruses are the largest group of known positive-strand RNA viruses. Coronavirus infection can affect various animal species, as well as humans. Over the past two decades, coronaviruses have caused epidemic outbreaks of two respiratory diseases: the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. At the end of 2019, a new type of virus was detected in China. The virus has been spread by humantohuman transmission and has caused a viral pneumonia outbreak. The emergence of a new coronavirus proves that the diseases caused by this group of viruses pose a threat to global health due to the potential for a pandemic, and, therefore, need careful monitoring. The objective of the study was to analyse the current epidemic situation for the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, taking into account previous outbreaks of infections caused by MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV β-coronaviruses which pose the greatest threat to human health. The review briefly describes two epidemic outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV (2002–2004) and MERS-CoV (2012–present), summarises the current epidemic situation for the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, describes the main restrictive measures undertaken to prevent the spread of infection in Russia. The paper considers aspects of potential specific therapy and the development of prophylactic vaccines against the new coronavirus infection. The review concludes that SARS-CoV-2 has pandemic potential and that new strains of β-coronaviruses are likely to cause outbreaks in the future. The paper points to the need for careful monitoring of the disease and conducting preventive anti-epidemic measures to curb the spread of infection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.