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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM  ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Препараты крови человека и животных в аспекте показателей качества, эффективности и безопасности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Blood preparations of humans and animals in terms of their quality, efficacy and safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супотницкий</surname><given-names>Михаил Васильевич.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Supotnitsky</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Supotnitskiy@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елапов</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elapov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисевич</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisevich</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудашева</surname><given-names>Эльвира Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudasheva</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климов</surname><given-names>Владимир Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебединская</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedinskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсун</surname><given-names>Лилия Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsun</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слободян</surname><given-names>Владимир Григорьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slobodayn</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулов</surname><given-names>Вадим Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олефир</surname><given-names>Юрий Витальевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olefir</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Супотницкий М.В., Елапов А.А., Борисевич И.В., Кудашева Э.Ю., Климов В.И., Лебединская Е.В., Корсун Л.В., Горбунова Е.В., Слободян В.Г., Меркулов В.А., Олефир Ю.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Супотницкий М.В., Елапов А.А., Борисевич И.В., Кудашева Э.Ю., Климов В.И., Лебединская Е.В., Корсун Л.В., Горбунова Е.В., Слободян В.Г., Меркулов В.А., Олефир Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Supotnitsky M.V., Elapov A.A., Borisevich I.V., Kudasheva E.Y., Klimov V.I., Lebedinskaya E.V., Korsun L.V., Gorbunova E.V., Slobodayn V.G., Merkulov V.A., Olefir Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/20">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/20</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблемы качества и безопасности препаратов, получаемых из плазмы крови человека и гипериммунной сыворотки животных, а так же рекомбинантных препаратов крови решаются строгой государственной регламентацией процессов их производства. Проблема безопасности таких препаратов сводится к минимуму путем их очистки от примесей, вызывающих осложнения у пациентов (агрегаты иммуноглобулинов, протеазы, плазмин, плазминоген, активатор прекалликреина, примеси IgA и IgM и др.). К настоящему времени разработаны способы фракционирования минорных белков крови, использующие их многоэтапное разделение аффинной хроматографией, исключающие этап осаждения этанолом при низких значения рН (осаждение по Кону). Вирусная безопасность достигается многоступенчатым процессом производства, включающим не менее двух независимых методов очистки крови от вирусов (сольвент-детергентная обработка и ультрафильтрация) и самого продукта путем аффинной хроматографии. Обосновано предположение, что к настоящему времени достигнут предел развития базовых технологий получения препаратов из плазмы крови человека и из гипериммунных сывороток животных. Их дальнейшее развитие не предполагает выхода за пределы частных усовершенствований технологий получения и очистки препаратов крови (препараты для подкожного применения, комбинации различных иммуноглобулинов в препарате, повышения эффективности выделения минорных белков и др.) и повышения их вирусной и прионовой безопасности. В тоже время нерешенность этих проблем и потребности рынка предполагают появление принципиально новых препаратов, полученных генно-инженерным путем, хорошо охарактеризованных по молекулярному составу, обладающих высокой избирательностью в отношении мишеней воздействия. Это рекомбинантные факторы крови с измененными свойствами; коктейли из рекомбинантных антител и Fab-фрагментов IgG, высокоаффинных к эпитопам токсинов и др. Поэтому в ближайшие годы в России необходимо создавать принципиально новую систему оценки качества, эффективности и безопасности препаратов крови, учитывающую дальнейшее направление их развития.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problems of quality and safety products derived from human blood plasma and hyperimmune animal sera as well as recombinant blood products resolved strict government regulation of their production processes. The risk of implications is minimized by plasma fractionation and purification of a specific drugs from various impurities (immunoglobulin aggregates, protease, plasmin, plasminogen, prekallikrein activator, IgA and IgM etc.). Viral safety is achieved by multi-step manufacturing process that includes at least two independent methods (treatment with solvent/detergent + incubation at low pH or pasteurization, combined with polyethylene glycol processing). It was justified that for today the technological process of the development of plasma preparations and hyperimmune animal sera has reached its limit. Their further development is the most likely to refer to specific improvements. The improvements will relate to increasing the efficiency of manufacturing technologies and methods of clinical use (preparations for subcutaneous administration, combinations of different immunoglobulin preparations, etc.), viral safety, ways to eliminate component, that were previously not considered to be able to influence the outcome of clinical use (soluble molecules CD4, CD8, HLA, thrombin, trace amounts of blood clotting factors VIII, IX, X, XI, XII etc.). At the same time new genetic engineered preparations with well-characterized molecular composition and a high selectivity for target impact are expected to appear on the market because of these unsolved issues. These are recombinant blood factors with altered properties; cocktails of recombinant antibodies and Fab-fragments of IgG, highly affine for toxin epitopes, etc. Therefore, in the upcoming years it is necessary to create in Russia a new system for assessing the quality, efficacy and safety of blood products, taking into account the future course of their development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иммуноглобулины для внутривенного введения</kwd><kwd>Fc-фрагмент</kwd><kwd>IgG</kwd><kwd>поликлональное антитело</kwd><kwd>мономерные IgG</kwd><kwd>корь</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулины для внутримышечного применения</kwd><kwd>изоагглютинины к антигенам А</kwd><kwd>В</kwd><kwd>D</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ 1</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ 2</kwd><kwd>вирусы гепатитов А</kwd><kwd>В и С</kwd><kwd>парвовирус В19</kwd><kwd>HBsAg</kwd><kwd>криопреципитат</kwd><kwd>сепсис</kwd><kwd>ВОЗ</kwd><kwd>прион</kwd><kwd>intravenous immunoglobulin</kwd><kwd>Fc-fragment</kwd><kwd>IgG</kwd><kwd>polyclonal antibody</kwd><kwd>monomeric IgG</kwd><kwd>measles</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulins for intramuscular administration</kwd><kwd>isoagglutinins to antigens A</kwd><kwd>B</kwd><kwd>D</kwd><kwd>HIV-1</kwd><kwd>HIV-2</kwd><kwd>hepatitis A</kwd><kwd>B and C</kwd><kwd>parvovirus B19</kwd><kwd>HBsAg</kwd><kwd>cryoprecipitate</kwd><kwd>sepsis</kwd><kwd>WHO</kwd><kwd>prion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кольцова К.Л. 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