biopreparatБИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечениеBiological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment2221-996X2619-1156Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products10.30895/2221-996X-2019-19-2-88-93biopreparat-188Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSАллергия на металлыMetal Allergyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8422-3452КапитановаВ. К.KapitanovaV. K.

Капитанова Вера Константиновна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051, Российская Федерация

Vera K. Kapitanova

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation

kapitanova@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-1076ПетроваН. Э.PetrovaN. E.

Петрова Надежда Эдуардовна, кандидат биологических наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051, Российская Федерация

Nadezhda E. Petrova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation

PetrovaNE@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-1580ЖдановаМ. Ю.ZhdanovaM. Yu.

Жданова Мария Юрьевна

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051, Российская Федерация

Maria Yu. Zhdanova

 

ZhdanovaMU@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5371-8532НевскаяЛ. В.NevskayaL. V.

Невская Лариса Валерьевна, кандидат биологических наук

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051, Российская Федерация

Larisa V. Nevskaya, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation

Nevskaya@expmed.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian Federation201921022019192БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение8893Copyright © Капитанова В.К., Петрова Н.Э., Жданова М.Ю., Невская Л.В., 20192019Капитанова В.К., Петрова Н.Э., Жданова М.Ю., Невская Л.В.Kapitanova V.K., Petrova N.E., Zhdanova M.Y., Nevskaya L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/188

Аллергические реакции, связанные с сенсибилизацией к металлам, являются распространенной, но недостаточно изученной проблемой. В связи с частым использованием металлов и их сплавов регистрируют все больше случаев аллергических реакций, вызванных их применением. В последнее время стали появляться случаи аллергических реакций даже на те металлы, которые ранее считались абсолютно инертными и не аллергенными, такими как золото, палладий и другие. Целью данной работы являлось обобщение научной информации о возникновении аллергических реакций на металлы и проблемах их диагностики у человека. В медицине сплавы на основе никеля, палладия и золота используют как для изготовления хирургических инструментов, так и для производства различных имплантов, применяемых в ортопедии, эндоваскулярной хирургии, гинекологии и стоматологии. Аллергические реакции на металлы могут приводить к нарушениям функции искусственного сустава, тромбозу эндоваскулярных стентов, стоматитам, гингивитам. Наиболее частым проявлением аллергической реакции на металлы является контактный дерматит. Лидирующую позицию в этиологии контактного дерматита занимает никель. Диагностика аллергии на металлы заключается в постановке кожных тестов. В Российской Федерации отсутствуют отечественные диагностические системы, позволяющие выявить аллергическую реакцию на металлы. В этих целях применяется набор для диагностики аллергического контактного дерматита – тест-система «АллерТест» («TRUE Test», Дания). В связи с этим, является актуальной разработка отечественного диагностического теста для своевременного выявления аллергических реакций на металлы.

Allergic reactions associated with sensitisation to metals are a common but underexplored problem. Due to the frequent use of metals and their alloys there has been an increase in the number of registered cases of allergic reactions. Recently there have been cases when allergic reactions were induced by metals that were previously considered absolutely inert and non-allergenic, such as gold, palladium and others. The aim of this work was to summarise scientific data on allergic reactions to metals and their diagnosis in humans. In medicine, alloys of nickel, palladium and gold are used in the manufacture of both surgical instruments and various implants used in orthopedics, endovascular surgery, gynecology and dentistry. Allergic reactions to these metals may lead to failure of artificial joints, thrombosis of endovascular stents, stomatitis, gingivitis, and dermatitis. The most frequent allergic reaction to metals is contact dermatitis which is most frequently caused by nickel. Metal allergies are diagnosed by skin tests. There are no Russian-made diagnostic systems for detecting metal allergies. The diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis is performed with the help of AllerTest test kit («TRUE Test», Denmark). Therefore, elaboration of a domestic diagnostic test for timely detection of allergies to metals is still relevant.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.