<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biopreparat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2221-996X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biopreparat-110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экстракт цикламена европейского (Cyclamen purpurascens) в качестве адъюванта при интраназальной иммунизации мышей гриппозными антигенами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cyclamen europaeum (Cyclamen purpurascens) extract as adjuvant for nasal immunization of mice with influenza antigens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудымо</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudymo</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной и клеточной иммунологии отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student, Junior Research Scientist of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunologyof the Department of Zoonotic Diseases and Influenza</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gudymo_as@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной и клеточной иммунологии отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Scientist of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology of the Department of Zoonotic Diseases and Influenza</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий лабораторией зоонозных инфекций отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа, канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases of the Department of Zoonotic Diseases and Influenza. Candidate of Biological Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данильченко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilchenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории серологических методов анализа отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Scientist of the Laboratory of Serological Test Methods of the Department of Zoonotic Diseases and Influenza</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>V. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий лабораторией гриппа отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа, канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of Influenza of the Department of Zoonotic Diseases and Influenza. Candidate of Biological Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дурыманов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Durymanov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший научный сотрудник лаборатории серодиагностики гриппа отдела зоонозных инфекций и гриппа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Research Scientist of the Laboratory of Influenza Serodiagnostics of the Department of Zoonotic Diseases and Influenza</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжиков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhikov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий отделом зоонозных инфекций и гриппа, канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Zoonotic Diseases and Influenza. Candidate of Biological Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>233</fpage><lpage>239</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гудымо А.С., Мальцев С.В., Евсеенко В.А., Данильченко Н.В., Марченко В.Ю., Дурыманов А.Г., Рыжиков А.Б., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гудымо А.С., Мальцев С.В., Евсеенко В.А., Данильченко Н.В., Марченко В.Ю., Дурыманов А.Г., Рыжиков А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gudymo A.S., Maltsev S.V., Evseenko V.A., Danilchenko N.V., Marchenko V.Y., Durymanov A.G., Ryzhikov A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/110">https://www.biopreparations.ru/jour/article/view/110</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье описано первое использование сока и экстракта клубней цикламена европейского (Cyclamen purpurascens) в качестве адъюванта при интраназальной иммунизации мышей гриппозными антигенами. Для иммунизации использовали концентрацию антигенов 300 мкг/мл каждого субтипа. Адъювант добавлялся в концентрации 10 и 20 мг/мл. Сыворотки крови изучали в реакции торможения гемагглютинации (РТГА) и иммуноферментном анализе (ИФА). После двух иммунизаций дозой 7,5 мкг максимальные обратные титры к H1/H3/B-компонентам в РТГА составили 320/80/80 соответственно. Введение интраназального препарата сравнения без адъюванта не привело к сероконверсии, детектируемой в РТГА. В сыворотках крови мышей, иммунизированных интраназально препаратом сравнения без адъюванта, не отмечено достоверного нарастания уровня антител между первым и вторым введением. В группах, иммунизированных интраназально препаратом, содержащим 10 мг/мл (0,5 мг в 1 дозе, объемом 50 мкл) адъюванта, отмечено значимое нарастание уровня антител между однократной и двукратной иммунизацией для всех компонентов, детектированных в ИФА, а средние уровни антител сопоставимы с ответом, полученным на однократное внутримышечное введение дозы препарата, содержащей 5 мкг каждого антигена. Несмотря на разброс значений титров сывороток крови между животными, который мы связываем с невозможностью стандартного внесения 50 мкл препарата в носоглотку мыши, применение экстракта в качестве адъюванта при интраназальной иммунизации мышей высококонцентрированными гриппозными антигенами показало выраженный гуморальный ответ. Уровень этого ответа после двукратной иммунизации у некоторых животных сравним с ответом на гриппозные вакцины при внутримышечном введении. Полученные данные позволяют рассматривать сок и экстракт клубней цикламена европейского или его синтетические аналоги для дальнейших исследований на морских свинках, хорьках или других животных-моделях с целью разработки эффективного адъюванта для интраназальной вакцинации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes the first attempt to use the juice and extract of Cyclamen europaeum (Cyclamen purpurascens) tubers as an adjuvant for intranasal immunization of mice with influenza antigens. The concentration of antigens used for immunization was 300 μg/ml for each subtype. The adjuvant was added at the concentration of 10 and 20 mg/ml. Blood serum was studied using the hemagglutination inhibition reaction (HI) and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). After two immunizations with a dose of 7.5 μg, the maximum inverse titers to the H1/H3/B components in the HI were 320/80/80, respectively. The administration of an intranasal comparator without an adjuvant did not result in seroconversion which can be detected by the HI. The analysis of the blood sera of mice, immunized intranasally by the antigen only, showed no increase in the antibody levels between the first and second injections. For mice immunized intranasally by a preparation containing 10 mg/ml (0.5 mg per 50 μl dose) of adjuvant the ELISA detected a significant growth of antibody levels for all components, and GMT antibody levels were comparable to GMT antibody levels after a single intramuscular injection of 5 μg of each antigen. Despite a significant serum titer dispersion (which the authors explain by the impossibility of ensuring absolute uniformity in administration of 50 μl of substance via the nasal route) the use of the extract as an adjuvant for intranasal immunization of mice with highly concentrated influenza antigens showed a significant humoral response. The level of this response after two immunizations in some animals was comparable to that after intramuscular administration. The obtained data open the possibility of using Cyclamen europaeum tuber extract or its chemical analogues in further studies in guinea pigs, ferrets or other animal models in order to develop an efficacious adjuvant for intranasal immunization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экстракт</kwd><kwd>цикламен</kwd><kwd>вакцина</kwd><kwd>адъювант</kwd><kwd>интраназальный</kwd><kwd>иммунизация</kwd><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>респираторный</kwd><kwd>инфекция</kwd><kwd>extract</kwd><kwd>cyclamen</kwd><kwd>vaccine</kwd><kwd>adjuvant</kwd><kwd>intranasal</kwd><kwd>immunization</kwd><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>respiratory</kwd><kwd>infection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osterholm MT, Kelley NS, Sommer A, Belongia EA. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012; 12(1): 36-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osterholm MT, Kelley NS, Sommer A, Belongia EA. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012; 12(1): 36–44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darvishian M, Dijkstra F, van Doorn E, Bijlsma MJ, Donker GA, de Lange MM, et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the Netherlands from 2003/2004 through 2013/2014: The importance of circulating influenza virus types and subtypes. PLoS One 2017; 12(1): e0169528.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darvishian M, Dijkstra F, van Doorn E, Bijlsma MJ, Donker GA, de Lange MM, et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the Netherlands from 2003/2004 through 2013/2014: The importance of circulating influenza virus types and subtypes. PLoS One 2017; 12(1): e0169528.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raymond DD, Stewart SM, Lee J, Ferdman J, Bajic G, Do KT, et al. Influenza immunization elicits antibodies specific for an egg-adapted vaccine strain. Nat Med. 2016; 22(12): 1465-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raymond DD, Stewart SM, Lee J, Ferdman J, Bajic G, Do KT, et al. Influenza immunization elicits antibodies specific for an egg-adapted vaccine strain. Nat Med. 2016; 22(12): 1465–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J, Boutz DR, Chromikova V, Joyce MG, Vollmers C, Leung K, et al. Molecular-level analysis of the serum antibody repertoire in young adults before and after seasonal influenza vaccination. Nat Med. 2016; 22(12): 1456-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J, Boutz DR, Chromikova V, Joyce MG, Vollmers C, Leung K, et al. Molecular-level analysis of the serum antibody repertoire in young adults before and after seasonal influenza vaccination. Nat Med. 2016; 22(12): 1456–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glück R. Intranasal immunization against influenza. J Aerosol Med. 2002; 15(2): 221-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glück R. Intranasal immunization against influenza. J Aerosol Med. 2002; 15(2): 221–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glück U, Gebbers JO, Glück R. Phase 1 evaluation of intranasal virosomal influenza vaccine with and without Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin in adult volunteers. J Virol. 1999; 73(9): 7780-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glück U, Gebbers JO, Glück R. Phase 1 evaluation of intranasal virosomal influenza vaccine with and without Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin in adult volunteers. J Virol. 1999; 73(9): 7780–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mutsch M, Zhou W, Rhodes P, Bopp M, Chen RT, Linder T, et al. Use of the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine and the risk of Bell’s palsy in Switzerland. № Engl J Med. 2004; 350(9): 896-903.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mutsch M, Zhou W, Rhodes P, Bopp M, Chen RT, Linder T, et al. Use of the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine and the risk of Bell’s palsy in Switzerland. ¹ Engl J Med. 2004; 350(9): 896–903.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Augustin JM, Kuzina V, Andersen SB, Bak S. Molecular activities, biosynthesis and evolution of triterpenoid saponins. Phytochemistry 2011; 72(6): 435-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Augustin JM, Kuzina V, Andersen SB, Bak S. Molecular activities, biosynthesis and evolution of triterpenoid saponins. Phytochemistry 2011; 72(6): 435–57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vajdy M, Srivastava I, Polo J, Donnelly J, O’Hagan D, Singh M. Mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems for protein-, DNA- and RNA-based vaccines. Immunol Cell Biol. 2004; 82(6): 617-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vajdy M, Srivastava I, Polo J, Donnelly J, O’Hagan D, Singh M. Mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems for protein-, DNA- and RNA-based vaccines. Immunol Cell Biol. 2004; 82(6): 617–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamouda T, Chepurnov A, Mank N, Knowlton J, Chepurnova T, Myc A, et al. Efficacy, immunogenicity and stability of a novel intranasal nanoemulsion-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in a murine model. Hum Vaccin. 2010; 6(7): 585-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamouda T, Chepurnov A, Mank N, Knowlton J, Chepurnova T, Myc A, et al. Efficacy, immunogenicity and stability of a novel intranasal nanoemulsion-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in a murine model. Hum Vaccin. 2010; 6(7): 585–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren ST, Zhang XM, Sun PF, Sun LJ, Guo X, Tian T, et al. Intranasal immunization using mannatide as a novel adjuvant for an inactivated influenza vaccine and its adjuvant effect compared with MF59. PLoS One 2017; 12(1): e0169501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren ST, Zhang XM, Sun PF, Sun LJ, Guo X, Tian T, et al. Intranasal immunization using mannatide as a novel adjuvant for an inactivated influenza vaccine and its adjuvant effect compared with MF59. PLoS One 2017; 12(1): e0169501.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quan FS, Compans RW, Kang SM. Oral vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine induces cross-protective immunity. Vaccine 2012; 30(2): 180-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quan FS, Compans RW, Kang SM. Oral vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine induces cross-protective immunity. Vaccine 2012; 30(2): 180–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Методы определения показателей качества иммунобиологических препаратов для профилактики и диагностики гриппа. Методические указания. МУ 3.3.2.1758 - 03 (утв. Главным государственным санитарным врачом РФ 28.09.2003).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Methods for quality control indicators of immunobiological medical drugs for influenza prophylaxis and diagnostics. Guidelines. ÌÓ 3.3.2.1758 – 03 (approved by Chief State Sanitary Physician of the Russian Federation) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO manual on animal influenza diagnosis and surveillance. World Health Organization, 2004. Available from: https://goo.gl/ k1qjv7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (2004) WHO manual on animal influenza diagnosis and surveillance. Available from: https://goo.gl/k1qjv7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синуфорте®, «Фарма Медитерраниа СЛ»., Испания, ЛС-000026, Государственный реестр лекарственных средств Российской Федерации. Available from: https://goo.gl/97qYZo.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinuforte®, Farma Mediterrania, S. L., Spain, LS-000026, Russian National register of medical drugs. Available from: https://goo.gl/ 97qYZo (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
